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Advanced Placement Psychology Mid-Term Review Psychology’s History and Approaches Psychological Fields… Behavioral Psychodynamic Biological Evolutionary Cognitive Sociocultural Humanistic Nature/nurture issue Structuralism/functionalism debate early years Biopsychosocial approach of today Research Methods Hindsight Bias Replication Sample Random Sampling Random assignment Population Control Group Operational Definition Dependent Variable Independent Variable Confounding Variable Correlational (positive, negative) Causal Longitudinal Study Experiment Study Survey Case Study Naturalistic Observation Standard deviation Skew Variability Debriefing Double-blind procedure Ethical guidelines for American Psychological Association Placebo effect Correlations (positive and negative) Biological Basis of Behavior Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System Endocrine System Limbic System Neurons (sensory/motor) Neuron at resting state Synapse Dendrite Axon Reuptake Action Potential Neurotransmitter Agonist Antagonist Excitatory Neurotransmitter Autonomic System and lie detectors Sympathetic Nervous System Parasympathetic Nervous System Adrenal gland Pituitary gland Brain- All parts and their functions (be able to determine if the effects of damage to individual sections of brain, i.e. damage to hypothalamus) Result of damage to occipital lobe? Vision and split-brained persons Corpus Callosum Vision and blind spots Types of Neurotransmitters Functions and Malfunctions Chart p. 82 Reflex Plasticity Wernicke’s Area Broca’s Area CT/PET/MRI/fMRI (know what they can detect) Sensation and Perception Sensation Perception Selective Attention Bottom up processing Top down processing Inattentional Blindness Change blindness Transduction Sensory Adaptation Perceptual Constancy Sensory adaptation Weber’s Law Functional Fixedness Gestalt Psychology Threshold (Absolute, Difference) Vision- transduction, retina, lens, cornea, visual cortex, rods, cones Trichomatic Theory Opponent-process theory Color constancy Convergence Binocular clue Monocular clue Linear perspective Size constancy Visual Cliff States of Consciousness Sleep Disorders: Sleep apnea, Narcolepsy, Insomnia, Night Terrors Drugs- opiates, amphetamine, depressant, hallucinogen, stimulant, alcohol Hypnosis Circadian rhythm REM Sleep NREM Sleep REM Rebound Learning Edward L. Thorndike Law of Effect Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Pavlov, Weber, Skinner Latent learning Shaping Generalization Extinction Spontaneous Recovery Discrimination Acquisition Reinforcement- positive, negative, ratio, intermittent, schedule Punishment Self-serving bias Attribution error Latent Learning Over justification effect NS,US,UR,CS,CR Cognitive Learning Observational Learning Mirror neurons Cognition Short term/Long term Declarative/Non-declarative Encoding Retrieval Storage Parallel Processing Implicit/Explicit Spacing/testing effect Shallow/deep processing Flashbulb effect Algorithm Heuristics (availability/representative) Insight Prototype Priming Framing Iconic memory Episodic memory Semantic memory Procedural memory Attention Serial position effect Language- morpheme, phoneme, syntax Attribution error Hindsight bias Confirmation bias Divergent thought Parenting Type- permissive, authoritative, authoritarian Social Learning Theory Modern views on the classical conditioning Aptitude Achievement IQ Motivation Intrinsic/extrinsic motivation Homeostasis Arousal Theory Instinct Maslow’s Hierarchy Drive- reduction theory
