Download Science SOL Review – 6th grade materi

Name ___Answer KEY____________________
Science SOL Review – 6th grade material
Date _____________________ Class Block __________
Interrelationship of Earth and Space Systems
Vocabulary: gravity, comet, meteorite,
meteor, asteroid, meteoroid, rotation,
revolution, year, day, tides
1. Chunks of metal or stone that orbit the
sun freely, not in a group.
2. Pieces of metal or stone that fall through
the Earth's atmosphere and burn up. The
burning material is often called a "shooting
star".
3. Pieces of metal or stone that hit the
Earth's surface.
4. The force of attraction between objects.
This causes the planets and other space
objects to maintain their elliptical orbit around
the sun.
5. Space object made of rock, metal or a
combination of the two. Most lie in a belt
between Mars and Jupiter and can be quite
large.
6. Spheres of dusty ice that have a tail and
orbit the sun freely. Their tails can be
millions of miles long.
1. Meteoroid
2. Meteor
3. Meteorite
4. Gravity
5. Asteroid
6. Comet
7. The amount of time it takes the Earth
to revolve around the sun 1 time
7. Year
8. To orbit or move around another
object.
8. Revolve
9. The amount of time it takes for the
Earth to spin one time on its axis.
9. A day
10. To spin on an axis
10. Rotate
11. The gravitational pull of the moon on
the Earth’s oceans and other bodies of
water.
11. Tides
12. Explain why Earth and all planets
have day and night.
12. They rotate on their axis. Day = facing the sun. Night =
facing away from the sun.
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13. Label the picture day and night.
13.
Day
14. Explain what causes the northern
hemisphere to experience winter and
summer.
Night
14. We are tilted on the axis which, as we revolve around the
sun, causes the light to hit more directly in the summer and
less directly in the winter.
15. Label the picture summer and winter
for the northern hemisphere.
Summer
16. How many stars are in our solar
system?
17. What makes a planet different from
a moon?
Winter
15.
16. ONE! (The Sun)
18. Write the order of the 8 planets
from closest to farthest.
17. Planets often have other things revolving around it and
have their own independent orbital paths. Planets also
revolve around the sun/a star
18. Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus,
Neptune
20. What lies between Mars and Jupiter?
20. The asteroid belt
21. Name 3 ways the inner planets are
different from the outer planets.
21. They are terrestrial (rocky), smaller, warmer
22. Why does the sun have such a strong
gravitational pull?
23. What causes tides?
22. Because it’s massive (more mass = more gravity)
24. What causes the phases of the moon?
24. The moon revolving around the Earth and our relative
position of it compared to the sun.
23. The pull of the moon’s gravity
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Waxing Gibbous
25. Label the phases of the moon.
Choose from: full moon, new moon,
waxing gibbous, 1st quarter moon,
waxing crescent, 3rd quarter, waning
gibbous, waning crescent
Waxing Crescent
1st quarter
Full Moon
New Moon
Waning = 2nd half (getting smaller)
Waning Gibbous
st
Waxing = 1
half (getting bigger)
26. What was the goal of each of these
space programs –
A. Mercury
B. Gemini
C. Apollo
D. Shuttle
E. Mars Probes
F. Other probes
Waning Crescent
3rd quarter
A. Mercury Launch rocket w/person and bring them back
B. Gemini Dock two rockets in space and orbit Earth
C. Apollo Land a man on the Moon
D. Shuttle Carry cargo and perform experiments
E. Mars Probes Explore Mars
F. Other Probes Explore our solar system
27. List the main theory each astronomer
is famous for:
Ptolemy
Aristotle
Copernicus
Galileo
Ptolemy Sun orbits Earth (Geocentric)
Aristotle Sun orbits Earth (Geocentric)
Copernicus Earth orbits the sun (Heliocentric)
Galileo Earth orbits the sun (Heliocentric), improved on
telescope and found evidence to support Copernicus’s claim.
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Atmosphere and Weather
28.
Convection Currents Vocabulary: The Earth’s
energy budget, wind, Greenhouse effect, The sun,
greenhouse gases
A. The concept that certain gases trap heat
in our atmosphere.
B. This is responsible for powering the
atmosphere, oceans, causing weather,
providing heat, light, energy, and causing
life processes.
C. The unequal heating and cooling of land
and water that causes local winds.
D. The concept that energy in our
atmosphere is balanced by being
absorbed and reflected.
E. methane, water vapor, carbon dioxide
29. Explain the concept of the Earth’s Energy
A. Greenhouse effect
B.
Sun
C. Wind
D. Earth’s Energy Budget
E. Methane, water vapor, carbon dioxide
29. Equal amounts of the Sun’s energy need to be
reflected and absorbed.
budget.
30. Warm air rising
30. What do the arrows
moving up represent?
31. What do the arrows
moving down represent?
32. Why would the land be warmer then the
water during the day?
33. Why would the water be warmer then
the land at night?
34. What are 3 factors that affect weather?
31. Cold air sinking
32. Land heats up faster than water (it has a low heat
capacity, aka it heats up and cools down quickly)
33. Water holds on to heat better than land (water has a high
heat capacity, aka it heats up and cools down slowly)
A. Temperature
B. Humidity
c. Air Pressure
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Vocabulary: temperature, humidity, air pressure,
warm front, evaporation, cold front, low pressure,
high pressure, condensation, troposphere. cold
front, warm front
35. The layer of the atmosphere weather takes
place in.
36. Pressure system that brings rainy, bad
weather.
37. Type of front that brings steady rain and
35.
Troposphere
36.
Low pressure
37.
Warm front
38.
Warm front
39.
Air pressure
40.
Temperature
41.
High Pressure
warmer weather.
38.
39. The amount of air pressing down on an area.
40. The measure of heat in the air or
atmosphere.
41. Pressure system that brings clear skies and
good weather.
42. Type of front that brings storms and cold
42.
Cold Front
43.
Humidity
44.
Evaporation
45.
Condensation
weather.
43. The amount of water vapor in the air.
44. The changing of a liquid to a gas by adding
heat.
45. The changing of a gas to a liquid by cooling.
46.
46.
47. List 3 facts about warm air. Draw a model
of the molecules in warm air
47. Less dense
Rises
moves more quickly
48. List 3 facts about cold air. Draw a model
of the molecules in cold air
49. Write the name of each cloud, what type
of weather it brings, and description.
Choices:
cumulonimbus/stormy/tall & towering
stratus/steady or no rain/ sheet like
cumulus/fair weather or showers/ fluffy
cirrus/changing weather or fair weather/
feathery
Cold Front
48.
More dense
Sinks
Moves more slowly
stratus/steady or no rain/ sheet
like
cumulus/fair weather or showers/ fluffy
cirrus/changing weather or fair
weather/ feathery
cumulonimbus/stormy/tall & towering
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50. What happens to the air temperature at
you rise from the earth’s surface to outer
space?
51. What happens to air pressure as you rise
from the earth’s surface to outer space?
It gets colder (in the troposphere), then warmer (in the
stratosphere due to the ozone layer), then coldest (mesosphere),
then hottest (thermosphere)
It gets lower the higher you go.
52. Describe the weather happening on the
weather map below.
Low pressure/ Bad Weather
Low pressure/ Cold Front/
Cooler weather
High pressure/ Clear Weather
53. What are 3 groups that are responsible for
protecting our environment?
54. Match the name of each instrument to the
weather factor:
Thermometer, barometer, hygrometer
People, Local gov’t, Federal gov’t
a.
Measures water vapor/humidity: hygrometer
b. Measures temperature: Thermometer
55. Match the description of each type of storm to
the storm name:
Hurricane, tornado, thunderstorm
c.
Measures air pressure: barometer
a.
Storm that forms only over land, 200-300mph winds, funnel
shaped, lasts for 40 or less minutes, severe damage from
wind, debris, & lightning. tornado
b.
Storm that forms along a cold front and cumulonimbus
clouds. Brings thunder, lightning, high winds, & heavy rain.
thunderstorm
c.
Storm that forms over oceans that bring high winds, large
waves, swirls around an eye, covers hundreds of miles, and
lasts for days. Hurricane
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Unique Properties of Water
56. List 3 unique properties of water and
explain each:
A.
B.
Water is polar (has positive and negative sides)
Water is the universal solvent (dissolves/bonds
w/more things and any other substance)
C. Water commonly exists in all 3 states of matter
(water expands when it freezes)
(positive)
H
57. Label the water molecule to the right:
hydrogen, oxygen, negative, and positive
Vocabulary: surface tension, water, adhesion,
cohesion, hydrogen & oxygen, condensation
58. The two elements that make up water.
59. The act of water molecules sticking
together.
60. The Universal Solvent
H
O
(negative)
58. Hydrogen and Oxygen
59. Cohesion
60. Water
61. The act of water sticking to other
substances.
61. Adhesion
62. The act of cohesion forming a “skin” on
the surface of water.
62. Surface Tension
63. The process of water vapor turning into a
liquid
63. Condensation
64. Why does water dissolve many
substances?
65. Why is water considered polar?
66. How can you change the density of
water (change it from a solid, to
liquid, to a gas)?
67. What happens to the molecules of
water when water freezes?
68. Name 1 reason ice floats.
69. Label the pictures of water molecules
as solid, liquid, or gas.
(positive)
64. Because it is polar which gives it greater reactivity
65. The electrons are shared unevenly giving Oxygen a
slightly negative charge and hydrogen a slightly positive
charge.
66. Add or remove energy
67. They expand
68. Water expands when it freezes so it is less dense than
liquid water.
A. Gas (water vapor)
B. Solid (ice)
C. Liquid water
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Watershed Systems
70.
Watershed Vocabulary :
a. All the land that water flows across and
Macroinvertebrates,, tributary, pollution, topographic, watershed,
ridgelines/divides, estuary
a.
watershed
b.
tributary
c.
topographic
d.
macrovinvertebrates
e.
estuary
f.
divides/ridgelines
g.
pollution
drains into a body of water.
b. A smaller stream or river that flows into a
bigger body of water.
c. A map that shows the land features of an
area.
d. Small animals/insects without backbones
that live in water and indicated
e. A partially enclosed body of water that is
a mixture of salt and freshwater.
f.
Points of higher ground that separate
watersheds.
g. Substance that contaminates an
environment.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
71. What are 4 signs of good water
quality?
1.
72. What are 4 polluters of water?
Cool temperatures
High Disolved Oxygen (>8ppm)
6.5 < pH < 7.5
Macroinvertebrates
No foam/orange color
Sediment/run off
2.
Pesticides
3.
Warm Water
4.
Farms/cities
Sediment/dirt
73. What is the biggest polluter of
bodies of water?
74. What are 2 effects of erosion?
75. What are 2 ways to prevent
erosion?
76. What are 2 jobs of wetlands?
1.
2.
Unstable riverbeds  plants and animal die
Pollutes water  eutrophication  plants and animals die
1.
2.
Plant trees/vegitation (don’t cut them down at all)
Stay on designated trails/paths
1.
2.
3.
Prevent flooding
Filter (clean) water
Provide habitat for animals and plants
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77. What are ways our environment is
contaminated (polluted)?
78. What are 3 things you as an
individual can do to protect our
environment?
79. List 3 reasons it is important to
protect our environment.
80. What is the most effective way to
protect our environment?
81. What are 3 ways we can manage our
waste?
Sediment in water, waste from factories/farms, animal
waste, improper disposal of waste, removing plant
material
Recycle
Reduce
Reuse
to prevent pollution
to prevent global climate change
to conserve our resources
to pass laws
recycling
reducing
reusing
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