Download 1. A predator is a trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce

EVOLUTION STUDY GUIDE
True or False: If the statement is true, write “true" If it is false, change the
underlined word or words to make the statement true.
1. A predator is a trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce itself
in its environment. ____________________________________
2. A variation is an error that occurs when DNA is copied. __________________
3. A fossil is the preserved remains of a once-living species.
4. A species becomes preserved when it no longer lives on Earth.
5. Two structures are homologous if they have the same function but did
not evolve in the same way. ______________
6. Natural Selection is sometimes described as survival of the fittest.
_________________________________________
Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the response that correctly answers
the question.
7. Why were the Galapagos Islands a good place in which to study
adaptations?
a. T h e y were close to one another yet had different climates
b. They were close to one another and had nearly identical climates
and plants
c. T h e y were located close to Darwin's home
d. T h e y were well-known as good places to study organisms
8. Organisms that are said to be more "fit" than others have which of the
following?
a. Mutations
c. More offspring
b. F a v o r a b l e variations
d. Analogous structures
9. Who established the basis of the modern theory of why things evolved?
a. Donald Johanson
b. Charles Darwin
c. Louis Leakey
d. Raymond Dart
10. What type of scientist uses fossils to study forms of life that
existed in prehistoric times?
a. Archaeologist
c. Paleontologist
b. B o t a n i s t
d. Scientologist
11. What kind of dating of a fossil looks at the amount of a certain element
in the fossil?
a. Relative
c. Reactive
b. R a d i o a c t i v e
d. Radar
12. Humans evolved from ________________________________
a. Monkeys
c. Primates
b. L e m u r s
d. Gibbons
13. What is the name for an adaptation that causes a prey species to look
like a different organism or object?
a. Camouflage
c. Mimicry
b. Warning colors
d. Protective covering
14. The study that looks at the earliest stages of growth and development
in organisms is known as:
a. Growthology
b. Embryology
c. Scientology
d. Biology
15. A bird and a butterfly both have wings, but they are not related. What
do we call these structures?
a. Homologous structures
b. Analogous structures
c. V e s t i g i a l structures
16. The limb of a cat and the limb of a horse show similar bone structure.
These structures are an example of:
a. Homologous structures
b. Analogous structures
c. V e s t i g i a l structure
Short Answer: Answer each of the following in a sentence or brief paragraph.
17. Name 3 examples of vestigial structures?
18. Explain how fossils can tell us the behavior of an organism.
19. How might an adaptation help an organism survive in a cold environment?
20. Identify the causes of variations within a population of organisms.
21. Explain how vestigial structures can be used to support evolution.
22. An antibiotic is a drug that is used to kill bacterial cells. Using
your knowledge of survival of the fittest, why do you think some
bacterial diseases are no longer controlled by antibiotics?
23. The Saddleback tortoise developed adaptations, such as a long neck
and open shell, to help it reach higher plants. What adaptations might a
tortoise that must find food in water develop?
24. Explain Darwin's theory of natural selection in your own words.
25. Explain how Darwin's finches displayed natural selection.
26. What is a gene pool?
27. What is allele frequency?
28. In genetic terms, how does evolution occur?
29. What is a mutation? What causes mutations?
30. How does natural selection affect single gene traits?
31. What is directional selection?
32. What is stabilizing selection?
33. What is disrupted selection?
34. What is genetic drift?
35. What is the Founder effect?
36. What is geographical isolation?
37. What is temporal isolation?
38. What is behavioral isolation?
39. What is genetic equilibrium?
40. What are the conditions that must be met to achieve genetic
equilibrium?
41. How did the Finches get to the Galapagos Islands?
42. How did new species of finches come about on the islands?
43. What are the principles that led to the origin of new species of
finches on the islands?