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SPPA 2050 Speech Anatomy & Physiology
Summary of cranial nerves relevant for speech production.
Number
I
II
III
IV
V
Name
Olfactory
Optic
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
VI
VII
Abducens
Facial
VIII
Auditory
(Vestibulococchlear)
Glossopharyngeal
IX
Nerve type
Sensory
Sensory
Motor
Motor
Mixed
Basic function
Smell
Vision
Eye movement
Eye movement
Speech
Detailed function
Motor
Mixed
Eye movement
Speech
-Carries sensation of taste from the anterior 2/3 of tongue.
-Provides motor supply to the muscles of facial expression (including
the lips), posterior belly of digastric, stylohyoid and the stapedius
muscle in middle ear.
-Damage to the facial nerve can result in a complex of symptoms called
Bell’s palsy, which includes an immobile face (on the affected side).
-Contains autonomic fibers.
Sensory
Hearing
-Carries sensation of hearing and balance.
Mixed
Speech
-Carries general sensation and taste from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue.
-Provides motor supply to stylopharyngeus and the pharyngeal
constrictor muscles via the pharyngeal plexus.
-Largest cranial nerve whose name (TRIgeminal) implies three parts or
branches.
-Opthalmic branch carries sensation from the upper face, eye and
ventral scalp.
-Maxillary branch carries sensation from the mid-face, upper mouth,
upper gums and teeth and palate.
-Mandibular branch carries sensation from the lower face region, skin
of ear, lower teeth and gums and mucous membrane of the anterior 2/3
of tongue. This branch provides motor supply to the lower jaw
muscles.
-Contains autonomic fibers.
SPPA 2050 Speech Anatomy & Physiology
X
Vagus
Mixed
Speech
XI
(Spinal) Accessory
Motor
Speech
XII
Hypoglossal
Motor
Speech
-Very large and important nerve wanders through the neck, thorax and
abdomen.
-Has a number of branches.
-Pharyngeal branch (or nerve) carries sensation from the pharynx and
soft palate and provides motor supply to the muscles of the soft palate
and pharynx.
-Superior laryngeal branch (or nerve) has an external branch
provides motor supply to part of the pharynx and a single muscle in the
larynx, the cricothyroid, which aids in vocal pitch adjustment, and an
internal branch which carries general and taste sensation from the base
of the tongue and rostral part of the larynx.
-Recurrent laryngeal branch (or nerve) carries sensation from the
caudal portion of the larynx and provides the motor supply to all
“intrinsic” muscles of the larynx (except cricothyroid). This nerve is
named “recurrent” because it travels down into the thorax and then
returns to the neck.
-Contains a large number of autonomic fibers that supply many internal
organs.
-Provides motor supply to muscles of the neck, pharynx and palate (?).
-Provides motor supply to the muscles of the tongue except for
palatoglossus