Download AP Psychology Challenge - District 196 e

AP Psychology Challenge
1. Jeff mistakenly assumes that everybody
around him enjoys listening to country music just
as much as he does. Jeff best illustrates:
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A) the false consensus effect.
B) the hindsight bias.
C) an illusion of control.
D) the placebo effect.
Answer:
A
2. If the correlation between the physical weight and
reading ability of elementary school students is +.85, this
would indicate:
• A) the relationship between weight and reading ability
among elementary school students is not statistically
significant.
• B) low body weight has a negative effect on the
reading abilities of elementary school children.
• C) better reading ability is associated with greater
physical weight among elementary school students.
• D) body weight has no causal influence on the reading
abilities of elementary school children.
• Answer:
• C
3. Which of the following is a measure of
the degree of variation among a set of
events?
• A) mean
• B) scatterplot
• C) standard deviation
• D) normal distribution
• E) correlation coefficient
• Answer:
•C
4. The relief of pain following the ingestion
of an inert substance that is presumed to
have medicinal benefits illustrates:
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A) random assignment.
B) the hindsight bias.
C) the false consensus effect.
D) the placebo effect.
E) illusory correlation.
Answer:
D
5. In its early years, psychology focused on
the study of ___, but from the 1920’s into
the 1960’s they focused on:
• A) environmental influences; hereditary
influences.
• B) maladaptive behavior; adaptive behavior.
• C) unconscious motives; conscious thoughts
and feelings.
• D) mental processes; observable behavior.
• Answer:
• D
6. In order to evaluate various theories of
human behavior, contemporary
psychologists rely most heavily on the
process of:
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A) introspection.
B) psychoanalysis.
C) natural selection.
D) scientific observation.
Answer:
D
7. Which perspective is most concerned
with the unique ways in which individuals
perceive, think and solve problems?
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A) behavior genetics
B) cognitive
C) biological
D) behavioral
Answer:
B
8. Which perspective is most directly concerned
with assessign the relative impact of both
nature and nurture on our psychological traits?
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A) behavior genetics
B) social-cultural
C) biological
D) behavioral
Answer:
A
9. After Miguel's recent automobile accident, doctors
detected damage to his cerebral cortex in Broca's
area. It is likely that Miguel will have difficulty:
A) remembering past events.
B) speaking fluently.
C) reading.
D) understanding other people when
they speak.
Answer:
B
10. The somatic nervous system is a
component of the ________ nervous
system.
A) Peripheral
B) Autonomic
C) Central
D) Sympathetic
E) Parasympathetic
Answer:
A
11. You come home one night to find a burglar in your
house. Your heart starts racing and you begin to
perspire. These physical reactions are triggered by
the:
A) somatic nervous system.
B) sympathetic nervous system.
C) parasympathetic nervous system.
D) limbic system.
Answer:
B
12. Which of the following is the component
of the limbic system that plays an essential
role in the formation of new memories?
A) Hypothalamus
B) Thalamus
C) Hippocampus
D) Medulla
Answer:
C
13. The ability to simultaneously copy different
figures with the right and left hand is most
characteristic of those whose ______ has been
lesioned.
A) angular gyrus
B) reticular formation
C) corpus callosum
D) motor cortex
Answer:
C
14. After Mark's serious scooter
accident, doctors detected damage to
his cerebellum. Mark is most likely to
have difficulty:
A) experiencing intense emotions.
B) reading a book.
C) understanding what others are saying.
D) Playing a drum set.
Answer:
D
15. The reuptake of a neurotransmitter such
as serotonin would involve the reabsorption
of serotonin into a(n):
A) axon terminal.
B) receiving neuron.
C) myelin sheath.
D) glial cell.
Answer:
A
16. The function of dendrites is to:
A) receive incoming signals from other neurons.
B) release neurotransmitters into the spatial
junctions between neurons.
C) coordinate the activation of the
parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous
systems.
D) control pain through the release of opiate-like
chemicals into the brain.
Answer:
A
17. Evolutionary psychologists emphasize
that environmentally adaptive behaviors are
those that have promoted:
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A) reproductive success.
B) personal happiness.
C) cultural diversity.
D) genetic mutations.
Answer:
A
18. The theory that children learn from their
cultures a concept of what it means to be
male and female and that they adjust their
behavior accordingly is:
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A) gender role theory.
B) social learning theory.
C) gender identity theory.
D) gender schema theory.
Answer:
D
19. According to Piaget, egocentrism refers to:
• A) a sensorimotor need for selfstimulation.
• B) young children’s exaggerated interest in
their own pleasure.
• C) the inability to perceive things from
another person’s point of view.
• D) the inability to realize that things
continue to exist even when they are not
visible.
• Answer:
• C
20. Ben attempts to retrieve his teddy
bear after his father hides it under a
blanket. This suggests that Ben has
developed a sense of:
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A) egocentrism.
B) object permanence.
C) conservation.
D) accommodation.
Answer:
B
21. Five-year-old Tim mistakenly believes that
he has more than his sister because his candy
bar is broken into 5 pieces and his sister’s
remains in one piece. Tim lacks the concept of:
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A) egocentrism.
B) object permanence.
C) accommodation.
D) conservation.
Answer:
D
22. According to Kohlberg, morality based
on a desire to uphold the laws of society is
characteristic of the ____ stage.
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A) preconventional
B) conventional
C) preoperational
D) postconventional
Answer:
B
23. Erik Erikson maintained that the two
basic aspects of life that dominate
adulthood are:
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A) independence and generativity.
B) intimacy and generativity.
C) intimacy and identity.
D) identity and independence.
Answer:
B
24. Research suggests that during early and
middle adulthood, crystallized intelligence
___ and fluid intelligence ___.
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A) decreases; increases
B) increases; decreases
C) increases; increases
D) decreases; decreases
Answer:
B
25. According to the Young-Helmholtz
theory:
• A) the retina contains three kinds of color
receptors.
• B) color vision depends on pairs of opposing
retinal processes.
• C) the size of the difference threshold is
proportional to the intensity of the stimulus.
• D) certain nerve cells in the brain respond to
specific features of a stimulus.
• Answer:
• A
26. Dilation and constriction of the pupil are
controlled by the:
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A) optic nerve.
B) iris.
C) lens.
D) cornea.
Answer:
B
27. A subliminal message is one that is
presented:
• A) while an individual is under hypnosis.
• B) below the absolute threshold for
awareness.
• C) in a manner that is unconsciously
persuasive.
• D) with very soft background music.
• Answer:
• B
28. The area of the retina where the optic
nerve leaves the eye is called the:
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A) blind spot.
B) pupil.
C) visual cortex.
D) cornea.
Answer:
A
29. Our inability to consciously perceive all
the sensory information available to us at
any single point in time best illustrates the
necessity of:
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A) perceptual constancy.
B) selective attention.
C) perceptual adaptation.
D) retinal disparity.
Answer:
B
30. Which of the following cues do
artists use to convey depth on a flat
canvas?
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A) convergence.
B) interposition.
C) continuity.
D) closure.
Answer:
B
31. As the retinal image of a horse galloping
toward you becomes larger, it is unlikely that
the horse will appear to grow larger. This best
illustrates the phenomenon of:
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A) visual capture.
B) size constancy.
C) closure.
D) convergence.
Answer:
B
32. The perceptual tendency to fill in gaps
in order to perceive disconnected parts as a
whole object is called:
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A) closure.
B) constancy.
C) interposition.
D) convergence.
Answer:
A
33. The perception of an object as distinct
from its surroundings is called:
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A) perceptual set.
B) perceptual constancy.
C) figure-ground perception.
D) the phi-phenomenon.
Answer:
C
34. A split in consciousness in which some
thoughts occur simultaneously with and
yet separately from other thoughts is
called:
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A) narcolepsy.
B) dissociation.
C) paradoxical sleep.
D) posthypnotic amnesia.
Answer:
B
35. In Pavlov’s experiments on the salivary
conditioning of dogs, the UCS was:
• A) a tone.
• B) salivation to the sound of a tone.
• C) the presentation of food in the
dog’s mouth.
• D) salivation to the food in the mouth.
• Answer:
•C
36. After learning to fear a white rat, Little
Albert responded with fear to the sight of a
rabbit. This best illustrates the process of:
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A) secondary reinforcement.
B) generalization.
C) shaping.
D) latent learning.
Answer:
B
37. You would be most likely to use
operant conditioning to teach a dog to:
• A) fear cats in the street.
• B) dislike the taste of dead birds.
• C) wag its tail whenever it is
emotionally excited.
• D) retrieve sticks and balls.
• Answer:
•D
38. Watching the night sky for shooting
stars is likely to be reinforced on a _____
schedule.
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A) fixed-interval
B) fixed-ratio
C) variable-interval
D) variable-ratio
Answer:
C
39. The fact that learning can occur without
reinforcement is most clearly demonstrated
by studies of:
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A) shaping.
B) latent learning.
C) spontaneous recovery.
D) computer-assisted instruction.
Answer:
B
40. A child’s fear at the sight of a
hypodermic needle is a(n):
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A) unconditioned response.
B) unconditioned stimulus.
C) conditioned stimulus.
D) conditioned response.
Answer:
D