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IN THE NAME OF LORD THE ONE & MIGHTY ANATOMY OF SKELETONE & ANATOMICAL MOVEMENTS PRESENTED TO DR. ALMASI DESIGNED BY ESMAEL NAHAEI Anatomical Planes Anatomical Planes Transverse plane – The horizontal plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions – Also called the Horizontal plane Anatomical Planes Sagittal plane – The plane dividing the body into right and left portions – Midsagittal or median are names for the plane dividing the body into equal right and left halves Anatomical Planes Frontal plane – The plane dividing the body into front and back portions – Also called the Coronal plane Anatomical Position Movements of the Foot Inversion • Turning the sole of the foot inward Eversion • Turning the sole of the foot outward Dorsiflexion • Ankle movement bringing the foot Movements Lateral Flexion • Side-bending left or right Movements Rotation • Turning on a single axis Circumduction • Tri-planar, circular motion at the hip or shoulder External rotation • Rotation of the hip or shoulder away from Movements Retraction • Moving a part backward Protraction • Moving a part forward Elevation • Raising a part Movements Pronation • Turning the arm or foot downward • (palm or sole of the foot - down) • Prone Supination • Turning the arm or foot upward • (palm or sole of the foot Movements of the Foot Inversion • Turning the sole of the foot inward Eversion • Turning the sole of the foot outward Dorsiflexion • Ankle movement bringing the foot Movements Adduction • Moving a body part towards the midline of the body Abduction • Moving a body part away from the midline of the body Flexion / Extension / Hyperextension Additional Range of Motion Movements Flexion • Bending a joint or decreasing the angle between two bones – In the Fetal Position we are flexing our joints Extension • Straightening a joint or increasing the angle between two bones – In the Anatomical Position we are extending our joints Positions and Directions Ventral • Towards the front or belly – You Vent out or your nose and mouth. Dorsal • Towards the back – Like the Dorsal fin of a dolphin. Positions and Directions Superficial • Refers to a structure being closer to the surface of the body than another structure Deep • Refers to a structure being closer to the core of the body than another structure Distal / Proximal Cont. • When you divide the skeleton into Axial (Blue) and Appendicular (Yellow) you can better understand the extremities and their roots. Positions and Directions Anterior • Refers to a structure being more in front than another structure in the body Posterior • Refers to a structure The Skeletal System: Structure of the bones The Skeletal System Parts of the skeletal system Bones (skeleton) Joints Cartilages Ligaments (bone to bone)(tendon=bone to muscle) Divided into two divisions Axial skeleton Appendicular skeleton – limbs and girdle Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Bones are classified by their shape: 1.long 2.short 3.flat 4.irregular Classification of Bones on the Basis of Shape Figure 5.1 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Axial Skeleton Figure 5.6 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide Bones of the Skull Figure 5.11 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Allows for growth Parietal Bone Occipital Bone Cranium Bones Frontal Bone Parietal Bone Temporal Bone Human Skull, Superior View Figure 5.8 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 5.23 Human Skull, Inferior View Figure 5.9 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 5.24 The Hyoid Bone The only bone that does not articulate with another bone Serves as a moveable base for the tongue Figure 5.12 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 5.26 Vertebral column 7 cervical vertebrae 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 1 sacrum 1 coccyx Vertebraes vary in shape & morpholgy The Vertebral Column Vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs The spine has a normal curvature Each vertebrae is given a name according to its location Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.14 Slide 5.28 Coccyx and Sacrum The hip bone Structure of a Typical Vertebrae Figure 5.16 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 5.29 Thoracic cage ribs thoracic vertebrae sternum costal cartilages True ribs are directly attached to the sternum (first seven pairs) Three false ribs are joined to the 7th rib Two pairs of floating ribs Rib Cage The Bony Thorax Made-up of three parts Sternum Ribs Thoracic vertebrae Forms a cage to protect major organs 47 Rib Bones of the Shoulder Girdle 51 Bones of the Upper Limb The arm is formed by a single bone Humerus 54 Bones of the Upper Limb • The forearm has two bones • Ulna • Radius 56 Radius and Ulna • Radius on Top • Ulna on Bottom Metacarpus Femur Posterior & anterior views of the femur Tibia & Fibula Tibia bone Foot bones Arches of the foot - Figure 8.17 Copyright 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
