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By Kelsey Kennedy Arcadia-Overview Third, Fourth, and Fifth Graders Seven Sessions Previous Lesson: Museums Lesson: Evolution Materials: Crayon boxes – washable markers, crayons, pencils Evolution worksheets Review: What did you learn about museums? What did you learn about artifacts? Focus: What is evolution, what are the four forces of evolution? Why do anthropologists study evolution? Learning Objectives: The students will learn about natural selection, mutation, gene flow and genetic drift. o Natural selection: when traits are more adaptive, they are under pressure from natural selection. If the trait is adaptive, the parents are likely to survive and pass the trait to their offspring. After many generations, this adaptive trait is likely to become permanent and more visible in the population. o Gene flow: random changes in frequency of traits o Genetic drift: when a group goes away or comes back into a population and introduces new traits o Mutation: when DNA replicates improperly and causes new traits to emerge that were not present before. Students will learn that animals have traits that are adaptive. o Adaptation: trait that helps an animal survive in its environment o Trait: characteristic or feature of an animal. Students will learn why anthropologists study evolution o It lets us learn more about human adaptations o We can learn where we came from and what our ancestors were like. Independent Practice (Activity): Students will be given a worksheet that has animals with parts of their body missing. Each clan will decide what environment they want to use. They will then come up with new adaptations for the animals, like fur color, teeth, ears, and wings. The goal is for the students to use what they now know about adaptation and selection to come up with adaptive traits. PowerPoint script Intro to Evolution This week we’re talking about Evolution. o This is the fossil record of all the animals have ever lived. o How did we get from there to now? o Evolution. o Discuss more after our review. Review o CLAP! o Our first week for physical anthropology o Review words and definitions What is Evolution? o Evolution is change over time that helps a creature adapt to their environment. These changes are called adaptations. o Adaption Can everyone repeat that word? o Trait? Repeat Traits for a human would be like brown hair versus blonde hair, or tall versus short. o Understand difference between adaptation and trait? o Brazillian animals: Yellowbanded poision dart frog To escape predators, they developed poison. Pradtors avoid them because they know they’re posinous by the bright spots on them. Jaguars Their spots help them blend in with the shadows. What makes evolution happen? o There are FOUR forces that make evolution happen. o The first two we talk about are gene flow and genetic drift. o Gene flow is random change in traits. For some RANDOM reason, traits are getting passed down differently. Eventually the trait can disappear by random chance. o Marbles Start out equal, become more blue than red. Even though they start out equal, there starts to be more blue than red. o Genetic drift is when a group goes away or comes back into a population and introduces new traits. o Beetles The brown beetle is going over to the green beetle place and then in the next generation, there will problem be some brown beetles. Mutation o Mutation is not TMNT or MONSTERS o . Mutations are how NEW traits happen. DNA gets messed up When this happens, it can change how an animal functions, or has new traits! o Examples. Milk What is that little girl doing? Drinking milk past infancy is a mutation, and one that a lot of us have. Albinism. That alligator had a mutation in its DNA that caused it to not produce melanin, which makes it completely white. Bunny Natural Selection The fourth one is the MOST important, because natural selection is what make animals have new adaptations!!! Some individuals have adaptations that allow them to survive better. They will be the ones having children, so those good traits will be passed on. Eventually, after enough time, this causes change in the whole species. It’s called natural selection is because nature selects this to happen. Things in nature may change, making one trait for adaptive. The peppered moth o During the industrial revolution, there was more pollution in the air. Can anyone guess what that might have done to the peppered moth, specifically its color? o They became black. The Kea parrot o It’s carnivorous Lives in harsh environment. The giraffe is more familiar o Long neck: why? Leaves were higher, so those with long necks could eat and those with shorter necks couldn’t. Why do anthropologists study evolution? Does anyone have any idea? To learn more about human adaptations: what are things that we evolved that are unique to us. To learn where we came from and what our ancestors were like. o What is universal, and what is cultural. KNOWLEDGE IS POWER o This goes back to lactose intolerance. o Disease