Download Immunology (A)

苏州大学《免疫学》H 卷
考试形式 闭卷
院系 ___________ 年级 ____________
专业 ____________
学号 ___________ 姓名 ____________
成绩 ____________
A. Multiple choice questions (2’ × 25 )
1.Which cytokine can promote T cell proliferation and differentiation
A.IL-1
B.IL-2
C.IL-3
D.G-CSF
E.TGF-β
2. Which one of the following can directly and specifically kill target cells
A. TH cells
B. Tc cells
C.NK cells
D. Macrophages
E. neutrophils
3. Blood transfusion reactions caused by mis-mathched blood transfusion belongs to
A.type I hypersensitive reaction
B.type II hypersensitive reaction
C.type III hypersensitive reaction
D.type IV hypersensitive reaction
4. Which kind of cytokine contributes to B cell antibody class switching to IgE
A.IL-1
B.IL-2
C.TGF-β
D. IL-4
E.IL-5
5. Auto-reactive lymphocyte clones are mainly deleted in
A.Thymus
B.Bone Marrow
C.Spleen
6. Phagocytosis
A. is carried by cells of the adaptive immune system
B. is restricted to macrophages
C. is important in bacterial infections
D. is a process that does not involve energy
E. results in division of the cell
D.Bone marrow and Thymus
Dendritic cells are characterized by
A. the presence of major basic proteins
B. expression of CD3
C. expression of IgM molecules
D. their ability to release histamine
E. their interface between the innate and adaptive immune systems
8 Activation of the alternative pathway involves
A. C1
B. C2
C. C3
D. C4
9. B cells are distinguished from T cells by the presence of
A. CD3
B. CD4
C. CD8
D. surface Ig
E. class I MHC antigen
10. Allotypes are
A. antigenic determinants which segregate within a species
B. critical to the function of the antibody combining site
C. involved in specificity
D. involved in memory
11. The Fab portion of Ig
A. binds to a Fc receptor
B. contains the J chain
C. contains the idiotype of the Ig
D. mediates biological effector functions of Ab molecules (e.g. complement
activation)
12. Antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)
A. is carried out by B cells
B. is the main mechanism for killing intracellular microbes
C. involves Fc receptors on the effector cells
D. is primarily mediated by IgE antibody
13. Viral replication within cells is inhibited by
A. IL-13
B. IL-1
C. IFN-D. TNF-E. IL-4
14. Cytotoxic T cells generally recognize antigen in association with
A. Class I MHC determinants
B. Class II MHC determinants
C. Class III MHC determinants
D. HLA-DR determinants
15. All of the following are true about receptors of the innate immune system,
EXCEPT that they
A. include those of the Toll family
B. recognize molecular patterns associated with groups of microbes
C. include CD14 and scavenger receptors
D. include MHC molecules
E. do not include Ig and Ig

16. All of the following are true about class switching of antibodies EXCEPT that
A. particular Th subsets are required
B. it occurs in germinal centers o lymph nodes
C. cytokines are required
D. it occurs in patients with Di George syndrome
E. it does not occur in patients with a genetic defect in CD40L
17. CTL
A. do not mediate cytotoxicity of other T cells infected with virus
B. mediate killing by insertion of perforin into the membrane of the target cell
C. do not need to recognized MHC antigens on the target cell to kill
D. recognize antigens with MHC II molecules
E. normally help B cells to make antibodies
18. Super-antigens
A. activate large numbers of T cells by directly binding to the TCR chain and class II
MHC
B. are high molecular weight antigens that can trigger T cell proliferation in the
absence of antigen-presenting cells
C. can activate all B cells by binding to IgM
D. can only trigger CD8+ T cells
19. The stage in B-cell development at which tolerance can be most easily induced is
A. memory B
B. pre-B
C. immature B
D. plasma cell
E. mature B
20. The process involved in allowing T cells to survive in the thymus is
A. positive selection
C. apoptosis
B. negative selection
D. necrosis
E. complement inactivation
21. Tumor immune surveillance may be mediated by
A. mast cells
B. neutrophils
C. Langerhans cells
D. NK cells
22. Immediate hypersensitivity usually involves
A. mast cells
B. antibodies to mast cells
C. platelets
D. IgG
23. The predominant antigen presenting cell in contact hypersensitivity (e.g. poison
ivy) is the
A. T lymphocyte
D. Langerhans cell
B. B lymphocyte
C. basophil
E. NK cell
24. Delayed hypersensitivity as typified by the Mantoux reaction to tuberculin is
mediated by
A. lymphocytes
B. polymorphonuclear cells
D. complement binding antibodies
C. anaphylactic antibodies
E. antigen-antibody complexes
25. ELISA assay
A. results in cell lysis
B. uses a radiolabeled second antibody
C. involves addition of substrate which is converted to a colored end-product
D. requires sensitized red blood cells
B. Explain terms (6’× 5)
1. Adaptive immunity
2.Complement:
3.TCR
4.MHC
5.oncofetal antigens
C. Big questions (10’× 2 )
1. Please describe the structure and functions of antibody.
2. 2-signal theory for T cell activation.
Immunology (H)
A. multiple choice questions (2’ × 25 )
BBBDD CECDA CCCAD DBACA DADAC
B. explain terms
(6’× 5)
1.“Adaptive immunity” is provided by T & B lymphocytes（1’）. It is the 2nd line of defense. (1’)
It has two important characteristics: Immune response is highly specific for the antigen that
triggered it and has memory to the antigen. Exposure to antigen creates an immunologic
“memory.”(3’)
2.Complement:
The complement system is an important component of innate immunity(2’). Complement was 1st
described in 1890s as a heat-labile component of normal plasma, that augments opsonization of
bacteria by antibodies and allows some antibodies to kill bacteria(1’). Complement is a group of
proteins that form the principal effector arm of the humoral immune system(1’). It can be
activated by the classical and alternative pathways, both pathways will eventually lead to the lytic
pathway which featured by the formation of MAC(2’).
3.TCR T cell receptor(1’). T cell receptor is similar in structure to Immunoglobulins (similar to a
single Fab fragment(2’). Composed of two glycoprotein chains (/ or /)(1’).
Most mature T
cells have TCRs composed of an  chain and a  chain (they are called / T cells). The function
is to recognize MHC/peptide and then activate T cells. It is important for providing the 1st signal
for T cell activation.(2’)
4.MHC
major histocompatibility complex(2’)
It was identified that the histocompatibility (the ability to accept grafts from another
individual)depended on the donor and recipient sharing the same MHC gene type(2’). It was
proved then that the gene is a very large, containing more than 100 separate gene loci, but the
molecules which determine graft rejection are a limited group termed class I and class II MHC
genes that map near to each other on a single chromosome.(2’) That's where the term, major
histocompatibility complex comes from.
5,Oncofetal antigens are thus not TSA nor is their present, (1’)even at high concentration, in the
serum diagnostic of cancer, because high levels can result from non-neoplastic diseases including
chronic inflammation of the bowel or cirrhosis of the liver. (2’)However, the quantitation of these
molecules in the serum can be used to evaluate the tumor burden and effectiveness of drug
treatment.(2’)
D. C.big questions
(10’×2 )
1. structure and functions of antibody.
Structure: (indication---H, L chains, V, C regions, CDRs, FRs)
The N-terminal end of Ig is characterized by sequence variability (V) in both the heavy and light
chains, referred to as the VH and VL regions respectively. The rest of the molecule has a relatively
constant (C) structure. (1’)The constant portion of the light chain is termed the CL region. The
constant portion of the heavy chain is further divided into three structurally discrete regions: CH1,
CH2 and CH3. These globular regions, which are stabilized by intrachain disulphide bonds, are
referred to as ‘domains’. The sites at which the antibody binds antigen are located in the variable
domains. The hinge region is a segment of heavy chain between the CH1 and CH2 domains.
Flexibility in this area permits the two antigen-binding sites to operate independently(2’).
At the amino acid level, the variable region is comprised of three regions of extreme variability
(hyervarible region). They are called complementarity-determining regions, or CDRs.(1’)
Interspersed among the CDRs are framework regions (FRs) which are less variable and more
evolutionarily conserved. At the three-dimensional level, the three CDRs of each chain converge
to form a combining site which recognize the antigenic determinant (epitope) (1’).
Functions:
The role of antibody alone------neutralization(1’)
NEUTRALIZATION OF TOXINS AND VENOMS, OF VIRUSES AND BACTERIA PREVENT
ATTACHMENT TO CELL RECEPTORS
Role of antibody in complement activation(1’)
ACTIVATION OF COMPLEMENT – IgM (most effective) and most subclasses of IgG can
activate complement.
Role of antibody with effector cells-----phagocytes, NK cells(1’)
OPSONIZATION – the promotion of phagocytosis of antigens by macrophages and neutrophils.
Protein molecules called Fc receptors (FcR), which bind the constant region of most classes of
antibody are present on the surfaces of phagocytes.
ANTIBODY-DEPENDENT CELL-MEDIATED CYTOTOXICITY (ADCC) – The linking of
antibody bound to target cells (virus infected cells, or some tumor cells) with FcR of natural killer
cells (NK cells), neutrophils, macrophages,or eosinophils can result in killing of the target cell.(2’)
2. 2-signal theory for T cell activation
A popular model to explain the requirement of T cell activation is the two-signal hypothesis. (1’)
T cells require co-stimulation for activation -- binding of the TCR to MHC/peptide (signal 1) is
not enough to activate a T cell by itself.(3’)
B7 and other costimulatory molecules on an APC binds to CD28 and other costimlatory molecules
on the T cell to deliver a co-stimulatory signal (signal 2)(2’).Activation by peptide/MHC-TCR
binding plus a co-stimulatory signal leads to Interleukin-2 (IL-2) release and up-regulation of the
IL-2 receptor on the T cell. IL-2 stimulates growth and proliferation of T cells. (2’)In the absence
of costimulation, T cells that encounter antigens either fail to respond and die by apoptosis or enter
a state of unresponsiveness called anergy.(2’)