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תכונותיהן של החומצות האמיניות חומצות אמיניות הידרופוביות A, Ala, alanine עתה סומן חלקה של חומצת האמינו שמשותף לכל הסוגים אלנין מתיונין ואלין לאוצין פנילאלנין איזולאוצין פרולין Alanine Valine Phenylalanine Proline Methionine Leucine Isoleucine יחודו של האלנין הוא הקבוצה המתילית שמקנה למולקולה אופי הידרופובי לבסוף ,אינכם צריכים לזכור את הפרטים לגבי כל חומצת אמינו אלא לדעת על סמך נוסחאות המבנה ,שינתנו לכם, מהן התכונות של כל אחת מחומצות האמינו. תכונותיהן של החומצות האמיניות חומצות אמיניות הידרופוביות V, Val, valine Alanine Valine Phenylalanine Proline Methionine Leucine Isoleucine Valine has two methyl groups it's somewhat larger, rather more hydrophobic. Soso here we have valine. תכונותיהן של החומצות האמיניות F, Phe, phenylalanine חומצות אמיניות הידרופוביות Alanine Valine Phenylalanine Proline Methionine Leucine Isoleucine This has this benzene ring, Andthis weunsubstituted have phenylalanine. benzene ring, very hydrophobic תכונותיהן של החומצות האמיניות חומצות אמיניות הידרופוביות P, Pro, proline Alanine Valine Phenylalanine Proline Methionine Leucine Isoleucine Here's proline. Proline is a little different because it folds back onto the main chain of the So proline has all of these CH2's, so it's very hydrophobic and it links back to the amino acid. So, strictly speaking, an imino acid instead nitrogen of theproline amino isgroup of the amino acid.of an amino acid but most biochemists don't make that distinction. תכונותיהן של החומצות האמיניות M, Met, methionine חומצות אמיניות הידרופוביות Alanine Valine Phenylalanine Proline Methionine Leucine Isoleucine methionine has a sulfur in here. It's one of two amino acids Methionine, with a sulfur, and again it's very hydrophobic תכונותיהן של החומצות האמיניות חומצות אמיניות הידרופוביות Alanine Valine Phenylalanine Proline Methionine Leucine Isoleucine L, Leu, leucine leucine, lot's of CH's, CH3's. AndHere's then we have leucine and isoleucine. תכונותיהן של החומצות האמיניות חומצות אמיניות הידרופוביות I, Ile, isoleucine Alanine Valine Phenylalanine Proline Methionine Leucine Isoleucine lots of CH2's and CH Isoleucine is almost are the thehydrophobic same, amino acids. 3's. So those תכונותיהן של החומצות האמיניות חומצות אמיניות טעונות Aspartic acid (aspartate) Glutamic acid (glutamate) Lysine Arginine Histidine D, Asp, aspartate aspartate, glutamate, charged Then we amino lysine, arginine, the an example histidine.of an acidic group. So aspartate ishave the simplest, it just has a CH2 and a carboxyl group, and so acids; that's תכונותיהן של החומצות האמיניות E, Glu, glutamate חומצות אמיניות טעונות Aspartic acid (aspartate) Glutamic acid (glutamate) Lysine, Arginine, Histidine are the two same CH2'sthing, and abut carboxyl GlutamateSee has there basically with angroup extra CH2 in it. Chinese restaurant syndrome תסמונת המסעדה הסינית MSG (monosodium glutamate) is abused as a flavor enhancer in some restaurants, including some Chinese restaurants. People who are sensitive to MSG get a sensation like a clamp placed over their head and tightened. Fortunately, the sensation is temporary. ( MSGמונוסודיום גלוטמט) משמש להוספת טעם במסעדות מסוימות .בעיקר הוא נפוץ במסעדות סיניות .ישנם אנשים הרגישים לחומר זה ובעת האכילה נתקפים ברגישות המתבטאת בלחץ גדול בראשם שהולך וגדל .למזלם כאב הראש הוא זמני. זהו מלח נתרני של החומצה האמינית ח .גלוטמית ,מונומר הנמצא כמרכיב כמעט בכל החלבונים. תכונותיהן של החומצות האמיניות K, Lys, lysine Charged amino acids Aspartic acid (aspartate) Glutamic acid (glutamate) Lysine, Arginine, Histidine this has a nitrogen forming this amino group This atisthe lysine end the which basic is the one, basic group and this hydrocarbon chain תכונותיהן של החומצות האמיניות Charged amino acids R, Arg, arginine Aspartic acid (aspartate) Glutamic acid (glutamate) Lysine, Arginine, Histidine Arginine has these three nitrogens and here we can have a charge on this guanidino group Here's up here, so that's another basic residue. arginine. תכונותיהן של החומצות האמיניות Charged amino acids H, His, histidine Aspartic acid (aspartate) Glutamic acid (glutamate) Lysine, Arginine, Histidine Andnitrogen then we here havecan histidine. Histidine is very interesting its pK very close to this be positive or negative dependingbecause on a variety of is circumstances. thea pH in theyou body, and soat the charge onof enzymes. And so this is residue often find active sites תכונותיהן של החומצות האמיניות Polar amino acids Serine Threonine Tyrosine Cysteine Asparagine Glutamine Tryptophan S, ser, serine Polar means that they interact well with water, so it's the opposite of hydrophobic. So these are ones threonine, which have groups on which will hydrogen bonds and interact serine, Let's tyrosine, move cysteine, onto the polar asparagine, amino acids. glutamine, tryptophan. Serine has a hydroxyl group. It's very simple just athem methyleneand aform hydroxyl group well with water. So this is the list: תכונותיהן של החומצות האמיניות Polar amino acids T, Thr, threonine Serine Threonine Tyrosine Cysteine Asparagine Glutamine Tryptophan methyl group in addition. Then threonine has a תכונותיהן של החומצות האמיניות Polar amino acids Serine Threonine Tyrosine Cysteine Asparagine Glutamine Tryptophan Y, Tyr, tyrosine Tyrosine is a little more complex, ithydroxyl has the benzene group outring here but making it only ithas polar. this תכונותיהן של החומצות האמיניות Polar amino acids Serine Threonine Tyrosine Cysteine Asparagine Glutamine Tryptophan C, Cys, cysteine Cysteine is the other amino acid with a sulfur in it, and you And if we move onto cysteine. can see it again is very simple with that sulfur present. תכונותיהן של החומצות האמיניות Polar amino acids Serine Threonine Tyrosine Cysteine Asparagine Glutamine Tryptophan N, Asn, asparagine this carbonyl and amine group here. This group does not ionize, so it is not And we have asparagine. again has a single CH group and now it has charged. It isThis not acidic; it'sthen not basic. It 2doesn't ionize in the body. It's polar because it interacts well with water, but it's not ionized. תכונותיהן של החומצות האמיניות Polar amino acids Serine Threonine Tyrosine Cysteine Asparagine Glutamine Tryptophan Q, Glu, glutamine thisan polar group at the end. and again it has Glutamine justSame has thing additional goes for CHglutamine. 2 group תכונותיהן של החומצות האמיניות Polar amino acids Serine Threonine Tyrosine Cysteine Asparagine Glutamine Tryptophan W, Trp, tryptophan these fused here actually is can the form dominant feature. So acids, although tryptophan is often People It has usually this rings nitrogen put tryptophan here whichin grouphydrogen of polar amino bonds which but gives personally it some polar I don't So finally, the last one on here is tryptophan. put in this group, it really has ainmixture, some of the nature others of do, of properties. character, butreally practice agreeas the with nonthat. polar תכונותיהן של החומצות האמיניות Glycine G, Gly, glycine is just a hydrogen atom. So this is basically just a very quick run-through of the amino acids, and as we talk about them more and see how they're used, you'll get more familiar with them and how they work and see howuntil theirlast, different properties are the see simplest And one then of all, there's which glycine, I kept important. Today what I really wanted to get across was the nature of the forces between amino acids and the properties of the amino acids, which are important.