Download Geog Year 7 REVISION NOV 2016 PDF File

Year 7
Geography
Revision
November 2016
Weather and Climate
Definitions
Weather – The day to day changes in the atmosphere e.g. rain,
sunny etc.
Climate – The temperature of an area averaged over a long
period of time e.g. Tropical Maritime
World Climates
1. Temperate – UK
2. Savanah – Africa
3. Desert – Sahara
4. Tropical – Tropics (Brazil)
5. Polar – Arctic
6. Mediterranean – Countries around the Mediterranean
Sea.
How do we measure weather?





Temperature = Thermometer
Rainfall = Rain Gauge
Atmospheric Pressure = Barometer
Wind Speed = Anemometer
Wind Direction = Wind Vane
 A Stevenson screen is a white box that sits on stilts
and houses a maximum and minimum thermometer
and possibly a barometer
Microclimate = a small change in temperature on a small
scale. It can be affected by these factors;
 Aspect – Which way the building is facing
 Shade – A building can provide shade making it colder on
a sunny day
 Shelter – A building can provide shelter from the wind
making it slightly warmer
 Wind Channelling – Two buildings next to each other will
funnel the wind in-between them causing that area to be
slightly colder.
Water Cycle
 Evaporation – the process where the sun heats up water
and it turns into water vapour (liquid to gas)
 Transpiration – the water from trees and leaves is
evaporated
 Condensation – the water vapour cools and starts to form
clouds
 Precipitation – liquid water falls from the clouds as rain,
snow, sleet or hail
 Surface Runoff – the water cannot penetrate the soil and
therefore stays on the surface
 Groundwater Flow – the water infiltrates the soil and the
water travels beneath the surface
3 types of rainfall
 Convectional Rainfall = When the sun heats up the air
above the ground causing it to rise. It then cools and
condenses and finally rains.
 Relief Rainfall = When the air mass is forced to rise when
it comes into contact with a mountain. When it rises it
cools, condenses and finally rains.
 Frontal Rainfall = When a warm air mass meets a cold
air mass it is forced upwards as it is less dense. As it rises
it cools, condenses and finally rains.
Hurricane Formation
1. Warm ocean waters
2. Two air masses coming together
3. Wind forces air upwards
4. Damp, moist air forms the large clouds
5. Light winds around the outside steer the hurricane
Global Location – see attached sheet