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Chapter Introduction Section 1 A Changing World Section 2 Early Exploration Section 3 Spain in America Section 4 Exploring North America Chapter Summary Chapter Assessment Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slides. Click the Speaker button to replay the audio. They both have Paradise at the top, Asia below Paradise, Europe to the left, Africa to the right, and they both include the Mediterranean Sea. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Chapter Objectives Section 1: A Changing World • Examine how technology made long sea voyages possible. • Explore the factors that allowed great civilizations in Africa to flourish. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Guide to Reading Main Idea New knowledge and ideas led Europeans to explore overseas. Key Terms • classical • caravel • Renaissance • pilgrimage • technology • mosque • astrolabe Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Marco Polo Click the Speaker button to replay the audio. Expanding Horizons • Marco Polo’s book, Travels, written in 1295, described his travels to Asia. • It inspired Columbus and other explorers to journey to these lands 200 years later. • The cities of Venice, Genoa, and Pisa became centers of the growing trade in goods such as spices, silks, perfumes, and precious stones. (pages 38–39) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Expanding Horizons (cont.) • The Renaissance, a period of renewed interest in classical Greek and Roman learning, spread throughout Europe in the 1400s. • It encouraged Europeans to pursue new ideas and challenges and set the stage for exploration and discovery. (pages 38–39) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Expanding Horizons (cont.) Why do you think Western European explorers found Asia so interesting? Possible answer: Europeans had the ideas of becoming wealthy through foreign trade and learning about lifestyles in distant lands. (pages 38–39) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Powerful Nations Emerge • The development of large nation-states in Western Europe helped spark foreign trade and travel outside the region. • The monarchies of Spain, Portugal, England, and France looked for ways to increase the power and wealth of their countries. (pages 39–41) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Powerful Nations Emerge (cont.) Why was it necessary for monarchs to work at building powerful and wealthy countries? Possible answer: Countries wanted to appear powerful so they would not be invaded and overtaken by any other country. Wealth would allow the monarch to outfit a powerful army that could defend the country or invade another (pages 39–41) country. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Technology’s Impact • Better maps and navigational instruments, such as the astrolabe and compass, helped navigators more accurately determine direction and location. • Larger and sturdier sailing vessels, such as the caravel, enabled sailors to travel faster and carry more people, cargo, and food. • These advances enabled sailors to explore new routes, especially a sea route to Asia. (pages 40–41) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Technology’s Impact (cont.) • Portugal and Spain began searching for routes to Asia and traveled south to the West Coast of Africa. (pages 40–41) Technology’s Impact (cont.) How does modern technology make our lives easier? Possible answer: Modern technology helps us do things better, faster, more efficiently, and cost effectively. (pages 40–41) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. African Kingdoms • Three West African kingdoms flourished: Ghana, Mali, and Songhai. • Ghana was a huge trading Empire between 400 and 1100. • Its trade in gold and salt contributed to its prosperity. • When Ghana’s power declined, the empire saw new states emerge. (pages 41–42) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. African Kingdoms (cont.) • Mali and its capital, Timbuktu, became important Islamic centers. Mansa Musa, who ruled Mali from 1312 to 1337, was its greatest king. • He made a pilgrimage to Makkah (also spelled Mecca), the Muslim holy city. (pages 41–42) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. African Kingdoms (cont.) • The Songhai Empire rose in the late 1400s and became the largest in the history of West Africa. • Its ruler, Askìya Muhammad, encouraged trade with Europe and Asia and introduced to his country a legal system, a system of government, and schools. • The empire fell in the late 1500s when the Moroccans attacked its trade centers. (pages 41–42) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. African Kingdoms (cont.) Why did great empires arise in Africa? The resources of the land, the trade with North Africa, and powerful rulers helped create these great empires. (pages 41–42) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Checking for Understanding Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. __ A. classical B 1. a period of intellectual and artistic creativity, c. 1300–1600 B. Renaissance __ 2. an instrument used by sailors C. technology to observe positions of the D D. astrolabe stars E. caravel __ 3. relating to ancient Greece and Rome A __ 4. the application of scientific discoveries to practical use C __ 5. small, fast ship with a broad bow E Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Checking for Understanding Reviewing Facts Name three technological advances the furthered European exploration. Describe how these advances helped explorers. Possible answers: Mapmakers refined their methods and created more accurate maps; the astrolabe improved navigation; the threemasted caravel allowed ships to travel farther. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Reviewing Themes Culture and Traditions How did the Islamic religion spread to the early kingdoms of Africa? What is the name of the holy book of Islam? The Islamic religion spread to the early kingdoms of Africa through trade between African kingdoms and Arab Muslims in North Africa. The holy book of Islam is called the Quran. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Critical Thinking Drawing Conclusions Why do you think the Renaissance began in Italy and not in another part of Europe? Italy’s prosperity enabled citizens to pursue an interest in the region’s past. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Analyzing Visuals Geography Skills Review the map of the African trading kingdoms on page 41 of your textbook. Which of the trading kingdoms was established earliest? In which region of Africa did the three trading kingdoms develop? Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Analyzing Visuals Geography Skills Review the map of the African trading kingdoms on page 41 of your textbook. Which of the trading kingdoms was established earliest? In which region of Africa did the three trading kingdoms develop? The earliest trading kingdom was Ghana. The three trading kingdoms developed in West Africa. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Columbian Exchange Chart From the Americas to Europe, Africa & Asia From Europe, Africa, Asia to the Americas How do you think the Columbian Exchange has enriched each hemisphere?