Download DIVERSITY OF LIVING THINGS

DIVERSITY OF LIVING THINGS
Taxonomy
The process or system of describing the way in which different living things are related
by putting them in groups.
Taxonomy has 2 main purposes:
1) To identify organisms.
2) to represent relationships among them.
Binomial Nonmenclature
A method of identifying organisms by using two names A) Genus name
B) Species name.
Species
A group of organisms that look the alike and can interbreed under natural conditions to
produce fertile offspring.
Taxa
Categories used to classify organisms.
Protista
A kingdom originally proposed for all unicellular organisms such as the amoeba. Multicellular
algae have been recently added to this kingdom.
Monera
In a five kingdom system, a kingdom that includes organisms that lack a true nucleus.
Archaebacteria
in a six kingdom system, a group of prokaryotic microorganisms distinct from eubacteria that
possess a cell wall not containing peptidogglyan and that live in harsh environments such as salt
lakes and thermal vents.
Peptidogglyan
is a polymer of amino acids (hence the peptido-) and sugars (hence the –glycan) that makes up the cell wall of
all bacteria.
Eubacteria
In a six kingdom system, a group of prokaryotic microorganisms that possess a peptidogglycan
cell wall and reproduce by binary fission.
Binary Fission
("division in half") is a kind of asexual reproduction. It is the most common form of
reproduction in prokaryotes and occurs in some single-celled eukaryotes.
After replicating its genetic material, the cell divides into two nearly equal sized daughter
cells. The genetic material is also equally split. The daughter cells are identical unless a
mutation occurs during replication).
LEVELS OF CLASSIFICATION
Every organism can be classified at 7 different levels - kingdom, phylum, class, order,
family, genus and species. Each level contains organisms with similar characteristics.
The kingdom is the largest group and very broad. Each successive group contains
fewer organisms, but the organisms are more similar. The species is the smallest
group and is very narrow. Organisms within a species are able to mate and produce
fertile offspring.
VIRUSES
Viruses
Microscopic organisms capable of reproducing only within living cells.
Questions(pg 334-338
1) What makes a virus unique?
2) What happens when a virus invades a living cell?
3) Name five common viruses.
4) Why were viruses a mystery for many years?
5) What is a nanometer?
6) How big are viruses?
7) What does a virus consist of?
8) What percent of a virus is made up of the capsid?
9) what does a capsid give the virus?
10) What are Bacteriophages?
11) What do they look like?
12) What special relationship do viruses have with their hosts?
13) what is meant by the term host range?
14) Give two examples of a host range virus in humans and animals.
15) what are the four basic steps of Viral replication? Describe each step.
16) What is Lysis?
17) How long does a typical Lytic Cycle take? How many new viruses can be produced during
this time?
18) What is lysogeny?
19) Describe the Lysogenic cycle of a cancer cell.
20) A bactteriophage that does not cause lysis of the host is called a temperate phage. what
happens with a temperate phage? How can a dormant virus be activated?
21) what are Vaccines?
22) Copy table 1 on page 337 into your notes. HUMAN VIRAL DISEASES.