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Aim: How does weather affect you? Do Now: Think about how weather affects you versus others around the world. Article #3 due tomorrow What is Weather? • The state of the atmospheric conditions at a specific time and location • Something you can talk with anyone about (but you probably won’t anyway) • If you don’t like the weather, give it a little time, it will change. • Name some characteristics that affect weather. Factors Affecting Weather 1. Air Temperature • The measure of the average amount of kinetic energy (energy) of a substance • If the air has a lot of energy, lots of movement, it will be warm. Factors Affecting Weather 2. Wind • Natural movement at any velocity (speed) • Usually referring to a mostly horizontal motion Factors Affecting Weather 3. Humidity • Amount of water vapor present • Relative Humidity – the amount (in percent) of water vapor that is present in the air at a given time compared to the maximum percentage of water vapor the air is capable of holding. Factors Affecting Weather 4. Clouds and Cloud Cover • Masses of small water droplets or ice crystals that “float” in air. Cloud Types 1. Cirrus – Cirro- means “curled” or “feathery” • Form highest in the sky; are made up of ice crystals; and appear as curls, tufts, or wisps. • Usually signal the end of clear weather. Cloud Types 2. Cumulus – Cumulo- means “heaped” or “piled” • Cottony clouds with flat, usually gray bases, and puffy, bright tops. • Usually signal good weather, but if atmosphere is unstable, can build into towering clouds that produce showers and thunderstorms. 3. Stratus Cloud Types – Strato- means “layer-like” or “sheet-like.” • Low-lying, dull-colored clouds that form in layers or sheets. • Usually bring drizzling rain or light-falling snow. Cloud Types 4. Alto – A prefix meaning “middle range of clouds “ and used to describe clouds that lie from 6,500-18,500 ft. (1,980-5,640m). 5. Nimbus – A rain cloud Other Cloud Types Cirrocumulus Stratocumulus Cirrostratus Cumulonimbus More Cloud Types Altostratus Altocumulus Nimbostratus Types of Precipitation Rain Sleet Snow Hail Air Masses • A large body of air that has properties similar to the part of the Earth’s surface over which it develops. • 6 types, but only a few kinds… • Continental tends to bring dry air • Maritime tends to bring moist air • The region (3 types) brings the temperature Types of Air Masses • • • • • • Polar Continental Polar Maritime Arctic Continental Arctic Maritime Tropical Continental Tropical Maritime Air Mass Map Fronts • A boundary between two air masses of different density, moisture, or temperature. Cold Front • Cold air is moving toward warm air • Shown as a blue line with arrow points on it. Warm Front • Warm air is moving toward cold air • Shown on weather maps as a red line with scallops on it. • Cold Front overtakes a warm front • Shown as alternating cold and warm front symbols facing the same way • Cold and warm front are pushing against each other but neither one is strong enough to move the other one • Shown as alternating cold and warm symbols on opposite sides. Weather Station Model Isobars • Isobars-connect points of the “same” • Examples: temperature and wind speed • The further away the lines the lower the wind speed