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HAZARD
COMMUNICATION
PROGRAM
Hazard Communication Program
1
This material is for training use only
What’s inside
Introduction
Part I - Application
What are Hazardous Chemicals
Forms of Hazardous Chemicals
1
2
2
Effects of Hazardous Chemicals
Routes of Entry
Control Strategies
Hierarchy of Controls
Three Ways to Inform Workers
Chemical Manufacturer Requirements
Distributor Requirements
Employer Requirements
Rules Apply To…
Rules Do Not Apply To…
Part II - The Written Program
General Requirements
Sample Energy Control Plan
Exercise
Label Requirements
Exercise
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
Sample MSDS
Exercise
Information and Training
OSHA Inspections
Trade Secrets
Getting Started
Appendices
Grouping Chemicals
Training Hazard Communication
Hazard Communication Training Program Audit
Hazard Communication Program
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This material is for training use only
Introduction
This presentation introduces you to OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.1200. The workbook
will help guide you through the various topics we will be discussing today. Please take
notes and if you have any questions, please feel free to ask at any time during the
presentation. Your trainer will answer general questions related to the hazard
communication program, but specific questions concerning chemicals or procedures at
your workplace should be referred to an OSHA consultant or insurer representative.
r Purpose of the Hazard Communication Program.
Ensure information about hazardous chemicals and protective measures is given to
employers and employees.
r OBJECTIVES
1. Describe the four basic elements of the Hazard Communications Program.
2. List the information required on each of the four types of hazardous chemical
containers.
3. Describe each of the 12 required sections of a Material Safety Data Sheet.
4. Identify the basic requirements of the hazard communication training program.
Note: This workbook is to be used only by a competent, qualified safety trainer. If the trainer has
not completed a “Train-The-Trainer” course, we recommend completion of OSTN Online Course
703 to fulfill the knowledge requirement. The trainer should also be evaluated by the employer’s
training director or equivalent as part of the safety trainer certification process. See ANSI/ASSE
490.1-2001 for more information on certification. Delete this note prior to printing the workbook.
© OSTN All rights reserved.
Please Note: This material, or any other material used to inform employers of compliance requirements of OSHA
standards through simplification of the regulations should not be considered a substitute for any provisions of the OSHA
Act or for any standards issued by OSHA.
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This material is for training use only
Part I – Application
r What are “Hazardous Chemicals”?
Any chemical which is a physical or health hazard.
Physical hazards - reactions that could occur if chemicals are handled or stored
improperly. This could result in a fire, explosion, and/or toxic gas release.
Health hazards - health effects caused directly by the chemicals themselves, not
an injury resulting from a reaction. All chemical materials can cause health
problems under the wrong conditions.
r Forms of Hazardous Chemicals
Dusts are finely divided particles. Example - wood dust.
Solids
Fumes are even smaller particles usually formed when solid metal is
heated and vaporized, and then condenses as tiny particles.
Fibers are similar to dusts but are of an elongated shape. Examples asbestos and fiberglass.
Liquids
Mists are liquid droplets that have been sprayed into the
atmosphere.
Vapors are gases formed when liquid evaporates.
Gases
Gases are substances that are normally airborne at room
temperature. A vapor is the gaseous phase of a substance which is a
normally a liquid or solid at room temperature.
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This material is for training use only
r
Effects of Chemicals
The effects of chemicals on the human body depend on several factors:
1. The form of the chemical:
solid, liquid, or gas
2. How the chemical contacts the body:
ingestion, inhalation, or absorption
3. The amount, or dose, the body receives
4. How toxic, or poisonous the chemical is.
r Routes of Entry
1. Ingestion
2. Inhalation
3. Absorption
4. Injection
Which route of entry is most common?
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r Control Strategies
In determining what control strategies to use, a hierarchy of controls serves as a guide
to ensure the most effective strategies are used. The most desirable control strategy
seeks to control the hazard at the source by using such strategies as total enclosure or
substitution of a safer chemical. It also attempts to control the hazardous chemical
along the path by using such measures as ventilation. Next, it tries to control the effects
of hazardous chemicals by ensuring minimum exposure. This is accomplished by
incorporating safer work practices through written safety policies, rules, supervision
and training. Lastly, methods are used to control the hazardous chemical at the worker
by using personal protective equipment.
r Hierarchy of Controls
1. Engineering Controls - Replacing, redesigning, enclosing, substitution.
Example: Replacing highly toxic chemicals with less toxic chemicals.
2. Administrative Controls - Scheduling, changing procedures.
Example: Scheduling work so that there is less exposure to an employee.
3. Personal Protective Equipment - in conjunction with the other two strategies.
Example: Gloves, apron, etc.
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r Three Ways to Inform Workers
1. Labels
2. MSDS
3. Training
r Chemical Manufacturers
Assess hazards
Distribute MSDS
Produce and revise label for container
r Distributors
Transmit MSDS
Retails/Wholesale distributors must:
1. Provide MSDS to commercial accounts & post sign.
2. Provide hazardous chemical manufacturer address/phone to
employers who do not have commercial account.
r Employers
Provide information
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This material is for training use only
r Rules apply to:
Any chemical that employees may be exposed to under normal conditions in the workplace or
in a foreseeable emergency.
r Rules do not apply to:
Hazardous wastes as defined by Solid Waste Disposal Act and subject to EPA.
Hazardous substances as defined by the Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation, and Liability Act and subject to EPA.
Tobacco or tobacco products.
Wood or wood products, including lumber which will not be processed, where only
flammable or combustible hazards exist. Wood or wood products which have been treated
with a hazardous chemical covered by the standard, and wood which may be subsequently
sawed or cut, generating dust, are not exempted.
Articles - a manufactured item other than a fluid or particle that does not release more than
minute or trace amounts of hazardous chemicals and does not pose physical or health hazard.
Food or alcoholic beverages sold, used, or prepared in a retail establishment. Foods
intended for personal consumption.
Drugs as defined by the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, in solid, final form for
direct administration to a patient.
Drugs packaged by manufacturers for sale in retail establishments (e.g., over-thecounter drugs).
Drugs intended for personal consumption (e.g., first aid supplies).
Consumer products or hazardous substances defined by Consumer Product Safety
Act and Federal Hazardous Substances Act used in same manner and ranges of exposure
(frequency and duration) as that experienced by consumers.
Nuisance particulates that do not pose physical or health hazards.
Ionizing and nonionizing radiation.
Biological hazards.
Workers who encounter chemicals only in non-routine, isolated instances. (e.g.,
bank tellers, office workers)
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Part II - The Written Program
r Must be available to:
1. Employee
2. Employee representative
3. OSHA representative
r Three subject areas:
1. Labels
2. MSDS
3. Training
r Other subject areas:
Hazardous chemicals list
Non-routine procedures
Pipe and piping systems
Mobile unit procedures
Multi-employer procedures
Exercise: Writing an effective Hazard Communication Plan
1. Your group will be assigned a section of the sample written program.
2. List what your group believes to be the most important points of the
section you read.
3. Describe why you think the points you have listed are important.
4. Be prepared to discuss your conclusions to the class.
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This material is for training use only
SAMPLE HAZARD COMMUNICATION PLAN
General Information
The management staff of
are
committed to the prevention of incidents or happenings which result in injury
and/or illness; and to comply with all applicable federal and state health and safety
rules. Therefore we require that management make every effort to provide a safe
and healthful work environment for all employees; that all level of supervision are
accountable for the health and safety of those em ployees under their direction; and
through this written hazard communication program share assigned responsibility
to ensure performance under that responsibility.
In order to comply with Oregon Occupational Health and Safety Code Hazard
Communication, 1910.1200, the following written Hazard Communication
Program has been established for
. All
agricultural areas are included in this program. The written program will be
available in the
for review by any interested
employee.
We ,
will meet the requirements of this rule as
follows:
Container Labeling
The
for use will:



will verify that all containers received
Be clearly labeled as to the contents.
Note the appropriate hazard warning.
List the manufacturer's name and address.
It is the policy of this agricultural enterprise that no container will be released for
use until the above data is verified.
The supervisor in each agricultural area will ensure that all secondary containers
are labeled and identify the name and signal word of the chemical. For help with
labeling, see the agricultural enterprise’s owner or our safety/health person.
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Hazard Communication Program Page 2
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs)
Copies of MSDSs for all hazardous chemicals to which employees of this
agricultural enterprise may be exposed will be kept in
and/or
.
MSDSs will be available to all employees in their work area for review during
each work shift. If MSDSs are not available or new chemicals in use do not have
an MSDS, immediately contact
.
Employee Information and Training
Prior to starting work, each new employee of
will
attend a health and safety orientation and will receive information and training on
the following:









An overview of the requirements contained in 1910.1200 - Hazard
Communication Rule.
Chemicals present in their workplace operations.
Location and availability of our written hazard communication
program.
Physical and health effects of the hazardous chemicals.
Methods and observation techniques used to determine the presence
or release of hazardous chemicals in the work area.
How to reduce or prevent exposure to these hazardous chemicals
through use of control/workpractices and personal protective
equipment.
Steps the agricultural enterprise has taken to reduce or prevent
exposure to these chemicals.
Safety emergency procedures to follow if the employee is exposed to
these chemicals.
How to read labels and review MSDSs to obtain appropriate hazard
information.
*After attending the training class, each employee will sign a form to verify they
attended the training, received our written materials, and understood this farm's
policies on hazard communication.
*(An optional item OR-OSH A recommends for employer use in tracking
employee training.)
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Hazard Communication Program Page 3
For agricultural employees performing hand labor operations only, provision
and review of the OR-OSHA "Safe Practices When Working Around Hazardous
Agricultural Chemicals" brochure and access to the MSDS information meets the
training requirements. Agricultural employees who directly handle hazardous
chemicals must be provided with all information and training noted above.
Prior to a new hazardous chemical being introduced into any area of this
workplace, each employee of that area will be given information as outlined
above.
is responsible for ensuring that MSDSs
on any new chemicals are available.
Hazardous Chemicals List
The following is a list of all known hazardous chemicals used by
Employees. More information on each chemical noted is available by reviewing
MSDSs located in
and/or
.
(NOTE: The Chemicals List located in the Appendix of this manual is available
for use in meeting the requirement to list all chemicals on the farm. The hazard
communication rules only require a list of all hazardous chemicals. However, it's
felt that identifying the signal word, location and possibly the process will help
you in carrying out the full program.)
Hazardous Non-Routine Tasks
Periodically, em ployees must perform hazardous non-routine tasks. Before
starting work on such projects, each affected employee will be given information
by the owner or area supervisor about hazardous chemicals to which they may be
exposed during such acti vity.
This information will include:



Specific chemical hazards.
Protective/safety measures employees can take.
Measures the agricultural enterprise has taken to reduce the hazards,
including ventilation, respirators, presence of another employee, and
emergency procedures.
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Hazard Communication Program Page 4
Examples of non-routine tasks performed by employees of this company:
Tasks:
Hazardous Chemicals:
Chemicals in Pipes
Some work activities are performed by employees in areas where chemicals are
transferred through pipes. Prior to starting work in these areas, employees will
contact
for information regarding:



The chemical in the pipes, or the insulation material on the pipe.
Potential hazards.
Safety precautions to be taken.
Informing Contractors
It is the responsibility of
contractors (with employees) the following information:


to provide
Hazardous chemicals to which they may be exposed while on the job
site, and the procedure for obtaining MSDSs.
Precautions employees may take to lessen the possibility of exposure,
by using appropriate protective measures, and an explanation of the
labeling system used.
Also, it is the responsibility of
to identify and
obtain MSDSs for the chemicals the contractor is bringing into the workplace.
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This material is for training use only
Exercise: Design a hazardous chemical list that will help employees
quickly locate a specific MSDS.
Hazardous Chemical List
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Label Requirements
r Primary container label information:
1. Identification of chemical
2. Appropriate warning hazard - Specifies
physical or health hazard including target organ
effects.
3. Manufacturer's name and
address
Benzene
Primary Container - used by the chemical
manufacture, distributor, or importer to
store hazardous chemicals.
Flammable
Carcinogenic
Skin & Eye Irritant
BenCorp
555 W Fifth Street
Anytown CA 95001
r Secondary container label
information:
1. Identification of chemical
2. Appropriate warning hazard May use words,
pictures, symbols or combination to provide
general information about hazards.
Benzene
Flammable
Carcinogenic
Skin & Eye Irritant
Secondary container used by the employer to store
hazardous chemical.
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This material is for training use only
r Portable container label
requirements:
None - if used immediately. Includes drugs
dispensed by a pharmacy to health care provider
for direct administration to a patient.
Portable container - used to
transfer or immediately use
hazardous chemicals.
r Stationary process container label
requirements
Signs, placards, process sheets, batch tickets,
operating procedures, other written materials.
Must identify chemical and appropriate hazard
warning
Stationary process container - Usually a
large unmovable tank or vessel used to
store hazardous chemicals.
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This material is for training use only
r Never deface or remove labels
Unless container is immediately marked with the required information.
There is no need to affix a new label if old label meet labeling
requirements.
r Must be legible and in English
r Prominently displayed
r Hazard Communication labels are not required on:
Pesticides subject to Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act.
Chemical Substances or mixtures subject to Toxic Substances Control Act (EPA)
Food, food additives, color additives, drugs, cosmetics, or medical or veterinary
devices or products regulated by Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act or the
Virus-Serum-Toxin Act and subject to FDA or Department of Agriculture.
Distilled spirits (beverage alcohols), wine or malt beverages intended for
nonindustrial use when regulated by the Federal Alcohol Administration Act and
subject to Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms.
Agricultural or vegetable seeds treated with pesticides and labeled in accordance
with the Federal Seed Act issued by the Department of Agriculture.
r Solid materials(metal, wood, plastic):
Label required only with initial shipment. Need not be included with subsequent
shipments unless information on the label changes.
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This material is for training use only
Exercise: Find out what’s wrong with these labels?
Label category: ________________________
What’s wrong?_________________________
_____________________________________
What’s might be the result? _______________
_____________________________________
Label category: ________________________
What’s wrong?_________________________
_____________________________________
What’s might be the result? _______________
_____________________________________
Label category: ________________________
What’s wrong?_________________________
_____________________________________
What’s might be the result? _______________
_____________________________________
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This material is for training use only
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
r
For all hazardous chemicals
May group hazards on MSDS (See appendix)
r
Readily available during normal work hours
r
Immediately accessible during emergencies
What is the difference between “readily available” and “immediately
accessible”?
r Providing the MSDS:
1. Initial shipment
2. First shipment after update
r
MSDS Changes
r
Failure to provide the MSDS
What should you do if you do not receive an MSDS for the chemical?
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r
Remote work sites
MSDS may be kept at central location
Must be readily available
They must be immediately accessible
What’s the best procedure for meeting the above criteria when at remote
work sites?
r
Kept in any form
Paper
Computer
What’s best? Computer or paper?
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This material is for training use only
Sample Material Safety Data Sheet
CASEWAY CASEVILLE MI 48725 -- SC 125
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET
FSC: 6810
NIIN: 00F004210
Manufacturer's CAGE: CASEW
Part No. Indicator: A
Part Number/Trade Name: SC 125
========================================================================
General Information
========================================================================
Company's Name: CASEWAY/CASEVILLE, MI 48725
Company's Emerg Ph #: (517) 856-2215
Record No. For Safety Entry: 001
Tot Safety Entries This Stk#: 001
Date MSDS Prepared: 01JAN87
Safety Data Review Date: 29DEC86
MSDS Serial Number: BBPSR
========================================================================
Ingredients/Identity Information
========================================================================
Proprietary: NO
Ingredient: METHYLENE CHLORIDE (SARA III)
Ingredient Sequence Number: 01
NIOSH (RTECS) Number: PA8050000
CAS Number: 75-09-2
OSHA PEL: 500 PPM/C,1000; Z2
ACGIH TLV: 50 PPM, A2; 9192
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This material is for training use only
========================================================================
Physical/Chemical Characteristics
========================================================================
Appearance And Odor: COLORLESS LIQUID, ETHER-LIKE ODOR
Boiling Point: 104F
Vapor Pressure (MM Hg/70 F): 352
Vapor Density (Air=1): 2.93
Specific Gravity: 1.32
Solubility In Water: SLIGHT
========================================================================
Fire and Explosion Hazard Data
========================================================================
Flash Point: NONE
Extinguishing Media: FOAM, DRY CHEMICAL, CO2
Special Fire Fighting Proc: USE SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS
Unusual Fire And Expl Hazrds: AT HIGH TEMPERATURES METHYLENE CHLORIDE CAN
DECOMPOSE, GIVING OFF HYDROGEN CHLORIDE GAS/PHOSGENE.
========================================================================
Reactivity Data
========================================================================
Stability: YES
Cond To Avoid (Stability): OPEN FLAMES, ELECTRICAL ARC
Materials To Avoid: ALUMINUM, TITANIUM, PURE OXYGEN AND ALKALI METALS
Hazardous Decomp Products: HYDROGEN CHLORIDE/PHOSGENE/TOXIC PROD IN SMALL
QUANTITIES.
Hazardous Poly Occur: NO
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This material is for training use only
========================================================================
Health Hazard Data
========================================================================
Signs/Symptoms Of Overexp: HEADACHE/METAL CONFUSION/DEPRESSION/
FATIGUSE/LOSS OF APPETTIE/NAUSEA/VOMITING/COUGH/LOSS BALANCE.
Emergency/First Aid Proc: REMOVE PATIENT IMMEDIATELY FROM THE CONTAMINATED
AREA. OBTAIN MEDICAL ASSITANCE AS SOON AS POSSIBLE. WASH THOROUGHLY
WITH WATER ANY BODY AREAS CONTAMINATED WITH METHYLENE CHLORIDE. IF
INGESTED, DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING.
========================================================================
Precautions for Safe Handling and Use
========================================================================
Steps If Matl Released/Spill: CONTAIN BY DIKING OR OBSORBING ON AN
ABSORBENT MATERIAL. USE ADEQUATE PERSONAL PROTEIVE EQUIPMENT WHEN
CLEANING UP.
Waste Disposal Method: COMPLY WITH FEDERAL, STATE, AND LOCAL REGULATIONS.
Precautions-Handling/Storing: UNDER NORMAL CONDITIONS METHYLENE CHLORIDE
MAY BE STORED SATISFACTORILY IN GALVANIZED, IRON, BCK IRON, OR STEEL.
STORE DRUMS IN A COOL PLACE.
Other Precautions: VENTILATION SHOULD BE PROVIDED AT THE FLOOR LEVEL. DO
NOT STORE IN PITS, DEPRESSIONS, BASEMENTS OR UNVENTILATED AREAS.
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This material is for training use only
========================================================================
Control Measures
========================================================================
Respiratory Protection: SCBA/POSITIVE PRESS HOSEMASKS/ARILINE MASK IN
POORLY VENTILATED AREA
Ventilation: LOCAL EXHAUST SUFFICIENT TO MAINTAIN TLV.
Protective Gloves: NEOPRENE/RUBBER
Eye Protection: GOGGLES
Other Protective Equipment: NEOPRENE APRON/BOOTS & ARM GUARDS TO PREVENT
CONTAMINATION.
Suppl. Safety & Health Data: MSDS DATE: JAN 1986.
=========================================================================
Transportation Data
=========================================================================
=========================================================================
Disposal Data
=========================================================================
Disposal Data Action Code: A
Disposal Data Review Date: 88055
Landfill Ban Item: YES
Disposal Supplemental Data: MSDS DATE: JAN 1986. IN CASE OF ACCIDENTAL
EXPOSURE OR DISCHARGE, CONSULT HEALTH AND SAFETY FILE FOR PRECAUTIONS.
1st EPA Haz Wst Char New: TOXIC (T)
1st EPA Acute Hazard New: NO
=========================================================================
Label Data
=========================================================================L
abel Required: YES
Special Hazard Precautions: HEADACHE/METAL CONFUSION/DEPRESSION/FATIGUSE/LOSS
OF APPETTIE/NAUSEA/VOMITING/COUGH/LOSS BALANCE.
Label Name: CASEWAY/CASEVILLE, MI 48725
Label Emergency Number: 517) 856-2215
=======================================================================
Hazard Communication Program
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This material is for training use only
Exercise: Read the following accident scenario and answer the questions
which follow.
Severe hydrofluoric Acid Burns at XYZ Power Wash
XYZ Power Wash uses dilute hydrofluoric acid (HF), a clear, colorless liquid with mild detergent odor,
to wash industrial vehicles with a mobile pressurized cleaning system. The company has seven
employees. In cleaning operations, the company mainly uses dilute HF (0.1%) at all their operations.
However, a few contracts require the use of concentrated HF (4 - 10%) to provide better brightening of
aluminum truck parts.
The victim, Mr. Jones, stated he had received severe chemical burns on his hands during a powerwash
operation in the pit area at Jupiter Transport while preparing to clean a vehicle. Jupiter Transport did
not want Mr. Jones to use the XYZ concentration, but rather their own concentration at 10% HF. He
was filling a garden sprayer with the 10% HF which subsequently splashed on his gloves and forearms.
Mr. Jones stated that, since he did not feel any pain, or stinging, he did not worry about getting his hands
wet. Later that evening, his hand and forearm began to ache. Eventually he hurt so much that he went
to the the local hospital emergency room where he received immediate treatment for HF burns.
However, due to the delayed treatment, he suffered severe damage to tissue and the bones of his hand.
(Flourosis of the bone: fluorine ions replace calcium in the bone. As a result part of his hand had to be
amputated.)
Mr. Smith, the employer, stated that Mr. Jones had received training pertaining to the safe handling of
HF and was informed to wear gloves when working with the concentrated HF. However, he states that
Mr. Jones was not wearing gloves when the accident occurred. No written documentation of training
could be located. Mr. Smith provided a statement by Mr. Bill, of Jupiter Transport stating he observed
the above incident and warned Mr. Jones to wear gloves while handling HF. Mr. Jones stated that he
had never been provided hazard communication training on this or any other chemical used by XYZ and
denies speaking to Mr. Bill a the time of his accident. Employee interviews substantiates Mr. Jones’
claim that hazard communication training was not being accomplished. No eye wash or shower
facilities were available in the vicinity of the area where employees handle 10% HF.
Emergency procedures for HF include: Skin - Immediately flush contaminated skin with plenty
of water for at least 15 minutes. Get medical attention if irritation develops. Skin contact, even with
very diluted solutions hydrofluoric acid should be considered dangerous. Solutions of less than 2
percent can cause burns. The process of tissue destruction and neutralization of hydrofluoric acid can be
prolonged for days, unlike other acids which are rapidly neutralized. For solutions of less than 20 to 50
percent HF, damage may occur without any early warning sensation of pain or redness up to 24 hours.
Eyes - Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting upper
and lower lids. Get medical attention at once. Inhalation - Move exposed person to fresh air. If
irritation persists, get medical attention. Ingestion - If swallowed, do not induce vomiting. If victim is
conscious give plenty of water to drink. Get medical attention at once.
What were the surfaces causes of this accident?
What were the root causes?
What simple procedure could have prevented Mr. Jones from getting burned?
Hazard Communication Program
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This material is for training use only
Information & Training
r When to train:
1. Initial assignment
2. Whenever a new hazard is introduced
r Information includes:
1. Hazard communication rules
2. Hazardous tasks
3. Location of written program
r Specific training for those who work with hazardous chemical:
1. Methods to detect hazardous chemicals.
2. Physical and health hazards.
3. Measures to protect employees.
4. Specific company hazard communication program procedures.
5. May train hazards by group.
r Best Training Methods
Demonstrate proper use of PPE and how to use the chemical.
Ask the employee questions to make sure they understand.
Train where the chemical will be used.
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This material is for training use only
OSHA Inspections
What the compliance officer will inspect:
• The written program
• Who’s responsible?
• Proper labeling
• Material Safety Data Sheets
• Information and Training
• “What are the procedures for...”?
Trade Secrets
Manufacturer, distributor cannot withhold chemical identity from health
professional in an emergency.
Getting started
1. Become familiar with the standard.
2. Identify responsible staff.
3. Identify hazardous chemicals in your workplace.
4. Prepare and implement a written plan.
5. Prepare and conduct a training program.
6. Monitor the program. Revise as needed.
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This material is for training use only
REFERENCE MATERIALS
Hazard Communication Program
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This material is for training use only
Grouping Hazardous Chemicals
If your company uses many chemicals in the normal course of work, it may be
impractical to train employees on each chemical to which they may be exposed. The
hazard communication standard does allow employers to group chemicals by
hazardous characteristics for the purpose of MSDS maintenance and training. On
the following pages are examples of hazardous chemical groupings. It is extremely
important that employees who use hazardous chemicals on a regular basis are
familiar with handling procedures, associated hazards, proper personal protective
equipment, and emergency procedures for those chemicals. In an emergency, you
will probably not have time to review response actions in the MSDS. Bottom line...
know your chemicals and know emergency procedures.
Note: The following are examples only and may not be appropriate for your
workplace. Be sure to develop hazardous chemical groupings based on the specific
chemicals in use by your employer.
Credits
Portions of the information on the effects and forms of chemicals were provided in
this workbook were obtained with permission from the manual, Chemical Health
Hazards in the Oregon Forest Products Industry, University of Oregon Labor and
Education Research Center, June 1991. Information is for training purposes only.
Information of the various hazard groupings were obtained with permission from,
HAZCOM, A Guide to the Hazard Communication Program of Kaiser Permanente Northwest Region, 3rd edition, 1994. Information is for training purposes only.
Hazard Communication Program
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This material is for training use only
Alcohol
Definition
Uses
Physical Properties
and Hazards
Health
Hazards
A colorless liquid that evaporates quickly and has a strong odor.
Can be burned as fuel or used as a cleaning, disinfecting agent or solvent. Is the
intoxicant ingredient in liquor (ethyl alcohol).
These are extremely flammable liquids
Ingestion: Long-term chronic effects have been well known (liver damage,
dizziness, nausea, and blindness).
Inhalation: Concentrated amounts can produce similar effects to ingestion.
Skin/Eye contact: Vapors can cause eye irritation and extended contact with skin
causes drying, chapping, and dermatitis.
Chronic effects: Can cause degenerative changes in liver, kidney and brain.
Gastritis and cirrhosis of the liver are possible. Known to be a CNS and
respiratory depressant.
Precautions
with use
Do not store large quantities of alcohol anywhere except in flammable-proof
storage cabinet or area.
Avoid prolonged inhalation of any vapors.
Extremely volatile liquids (meaning they easily evaporate), so keep in closed
containers.
Personal
Protective
Equipment
Examples
Follow MSDS guidelines for specific chemicals.
Ethyl alcohol
Methyl alcohol
Isopropyl alcohol (Isopropanol)
Hazard Communication Program
30
This material is for training use only
Chemotherapy Drugs
Definition
Uses
Physical Properties
and Hazards
Health
Hazards
Drugs are used in treatment of cancer patients. Can be liquid, powder, or tablet
form.
Medical treatment of patients.
No physical hazards.
Highly toxic.
All are known to cause cancer in animals and are considered to be potential
cancer agents in humans.
May be absorbed through the skin.
May cause eye problems and possible skin irritation.
Precautions
with use
Use Biological Safety Cabinet for preparation.
Wash thoroughly before eating, drinking, or smoking.
No eating, drinking smoking, chewing gum, applying cosmetics or storage of food
near preparation area.
All used equipment should be placed in Hazardous Waste Container for
incineration.
Personal
Protective
Equipment
Examples
Follow MSDS guidelines for specific chemicals.
CEENU
Hazard Communication Program
Cytoxan
Platinol
Mexate
Megace
Mutamycin
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This material is for training use only
Compressed Gases
Definition
Uses
Physical Properties
and Hazards
Health
Hazards
Precautions
with use
A gas or mixture of gases having, in container, an absolute pressure exceeding 40
psi at 70 deg. F., or an absolute pressure exceeding 104 psi at 130 deg. F., or a
liquid having a vapor pressure exceeding 40 psi at 100 deg. F.
Medical gases.
Can be "explosive" if the gases escape quickly due to broken valves.
They may be flammable or support combustion (i.e., oxygen).
Inhalation concerns.
Frostbite.
Protect cylinders from physical damage. Do not allow temperatures to exceed 130
degrees F.
Store upright.
Well ventilated area is extremely important.
When a spill or leak occurs, get exposed individual to fresh air, loosen their
clothing.
Personal
Protective
Equipment
Follow MSDS guidelines for specific chemicals.
Examples
Nitrous Oxide: Risk from chronic exposure. Environment should be regularly
monitored to ensure that employees are not exposed to hazardous vapor
concentrations. Possible problem in recovery rooms from patients exhaling.
Oxygen: Prolonged breathing of high concentrations may lead to toxic effects
involving the lungs, central nervous system, and eyes.
Nitrogen: Can cause suffocation without warning by reduction of the oxygen level
in the air.
Ethylene Oxide: Can cause frostbite through skin or eye contact. Contact lenses
should not be worn. This is considered to be a cancer and reproductive hazard.
Hazard Communication Program
32
This material is for training use only
Corrosives
Definition
Corrosives: Liquid or solid that causes visible destruction or irreversible alterations in
human skin tissue at the site of contact.
Acid: Any compound that can react with a base to form a salt. pH: <7 (corrosive = 1-3).
Base: Any substance that removes hydrogen ions from an acid and combines with it in a
chemical reaction. pH: >7 (corrosive 11-14)
Uses
Acid: Cleaning metals and other products; chemical reactions.
Base: Manufacturing soap, chemical synthesis, washing powders, household drainpipe
cleaning agents, blood sugar testing tablets.
Physical Properties
and Hazards
As the pH moves closer to "1" or "14", the more corrosive the properties.
Generally considered to be nonflammable.
Very reactive with each other and other chemicals.
Health
Hazards
Ingestion: Causes severe and rapid skin damage, being destructive to any tissue. A
corrosive chemical product causes more serious burns of the esophagus and upper GI
than the granular products.
Inhalation: Fumes from either concentrate can be irritating to respiratory tract.
Skin or Eye Contact: All can burn the skin and are dependent on concentration and
duration of contact. This category can produce some of the most severe chemical eye
injuries -- conjunctivitis or corneal destruction.
Effects of these chemicals are usually so immediate with concentrated chemicals that
chronic effects are just residuals of corrosive damage.
Precautions
with use
Personal
Protective
Equipment
Examples
Never mix with other chemicals without proper procedures -- poisonous gases can be
released through chemical reactions. Use concentrated solutions in well-ventilated areas
(i.e., under hoods for some acids). Avoid any prolonged exposure to diluted substances.
Follow MSDS guidelines for specific chemicals.
Sulfuric acid
Ammonia
Hazard Communication Program
Hydrochloric acid
Bleach (Clorox)
Toilet bowl cleaners
Oven cleaners
Nitric acid
33
This material is for training use only
Flammables
Definition
Flammable liquids have a flashpoint below 100 F. Flashpoint means the minimum
temperature at which a liquid gives off a vapor in sufficient concentration to ignite.
Flammable gases are gases which will ignite at less than 13% air or whose upper
flammability limit is more than 12% of its lower limit.
Flammable aerosols yield a flame projection exceeding 18 inches at full valve
opening, or a flashback at any degree of valve opening.
Flammable solid is a solid other than a blasting agent or explosive that is liable to
cause fire through friction, absorption of moisture, spontaneous chemical change, or
retained heat from manufacturing or processing, or which can be ignited readily and
when ignited burns so vigorously and persistently as to create a serious hazard. It
ignites and burns with a self-sustained flame at a rate greater than one-tenth of an
inch per second along its major axis.
Uses
Physical Properties
and Hazards
Medical gases. Fuels. Solvents.
Important to know the flammability of gases -- but if unknown, treat as flammable.
Usually all gases are explosive due to the fact they are compressed.
Important to know flashpoint of products as they present a very real fire hazard if
present in open containers near an ignition source.
Health
Hazards
Precautions
with use
Personal
Protective
Equipment
Examples
Inhalation concerns, irritants to both eyes and skin.
Well-ventilated area is extremely important.
Follow MSDS guidelines for specific chemicals.
Combustible Liquids:
Phenol, mineral spirits, methyl cellosolve, fuel oils
Flammable Liquids:
Gasoline, acetone, ethyl acetate, ethyl alcohol
Flammable Gases:
Butane, propane
Hazard Communication Program
34
This material is for training use only
Heavy Metals
Definition
Uses
Heavy metal salts are very poisonous if taken internally because they destroy
protein in the body.
Found in a variety of products (see info on specific metals).
Heavy metals are considered to be a major problem in the environment.
Physical Properties
and Hazards
Health
Hazards
There are often unrecognized, poorly treated and severe chronic and
accumulative side effects.
Primary route of entry is ingestion -- good hygiene is important on the job.
The body is unable to rid itself of many of these heavy metals and they can
accumulate and interfere with normal cellular functions.
Precautions
with use
Good hygiene is imperative -- poisoning can result with careless, repeated
massive skin contact.
Careful waste disposal methods are essential to prevent environmental
pollution.
Personal
Protective
Equipment
Follow MSDS guidelines for specific chemicals.
Examples
Lead: Found in old paints. Colored comics in newspapers. Colored inserts in
magazines. Storage batteries. Antiknock in gasolines.
Lead Arsenite and Arsenite: Found in pesticides. Can be exposed through
inhalation.
Zinc: Often found in deodorants or disinfectants. Inhalation can result from
welding, causing fevers, chills, vomiting.
Mercury:
Free metal -- ingesting is little threat.
Inhalation: extreme hazard resulting in chronic effects if
mercury spill is not cleaned up appropriately.
Hazard Communication Program
35
This material is for training use only
Oxidizers
Definition
Uses
Physical Properties
and Hazards
Health
Hazards
A chemical that initiates or promotes combustion in other materials.
Varied.
It is not combustible, but it produces heat upon reaction with combustibles and
may cause ignition. Increases the flammability of combustible, organic, and
readily oxidizable materials.
Inhalation: Vapors are corrosive and irritating to the respiratory tract. Inhalation of
mist may burn the mucous membrane of the nose and throat.
Ingestion: Corrosive and irritating to the mouth, throat and abdomen. Large doses
may cause symptoms of abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea as well as
blistering or tissue destruction.
Skin Contact: Irritating in contact with the skin. Symptoms may include
discoloration of skin and pain.
Eye Contact: Vapors are very corrosive and irritating to the eyes. Symptoms
include pain, redness, blurred vision. Splashes may cause tissue destruction.
Chronic Effects: Persons with pre-existing skin disorders or eye problems or
impaired respiratory function may be more susceptible to the effects of the
substance.
Precautions
with use
Use in well-ventilated areas.
Maintain eye wash fountain and shower facilities in work area.
Store in a cool, well-ventilated dark area separated from combustible substances,
reducing agents, strong bases, and organics.
Personal
Protective
Equipment
Follow MSDS guidelines for specific chemicals.
Examples
Hydrogen Peroxide, 30%
Bleach
Hazard Communication Program
36
This material is for training use only
Petroleum
Definition
Uses
Physical Properties
and Hazards
Health
Hazards
An oily, liquid solution, yellowish-green to black in color, occurring naturally in
some rock formations. Distillation yields paraffin, kerosene, benzene, naptha,
fuel oil, gasoline, etc.
Wide uses as fuel sources, refrigerants, propellants, pesticides, lubricants,
solvents, degreasers, food additives.
General liquids which will burn and can explode.
Vapors have been known to expand and split unvented containers.
Inhalation: If prolonged, can cause a pneumonitis, pulmonary edema, and
hemorrhage.
Skin Contact: Can cause dermatitis (diesel fuel tends to be more irritating
because of additives).
Chronic Effects: Include anesthetic and central nervous system depression as
well as lung damage.
Precautions
with use
Appropriate storage and venting of containers is necessary.
Use in well-ventilated areas and avoid prolonged inhalation.
Wash off skin as soon as possible after contact.
Personal
Protective
Equipment
Examples
Follow MSDS guidelines for specific chemicals.
Kerosene
Fuel oil
Hazard Communication Program
Gasoline
Lighter Fluid
Paraffin mixtures
High Vacuum Grease
37
This material is for training use only
Pesticides
Definition
Uses
Physical Properties
and Hazards
Health
Hazards
A spray mixture used to kill insects, spiders, rodents, or other pests.
Used to eliminate pests.
Many are aerosol products and can rocket or explode in heat or fire.
Inhalation: Product spray mist or fog may cause irritation to nose, throat and lungs
if adequate ventilation is not employed.
Chronic Effects: Aspiration of material into lungs can cause chemical pneumonitis
which can be fatal.
Pre-existing skin, eye, and lung disorders may be aggravated by exposure to
these products.
Precautions
with use
Personal
Protective
Equipment
Examples
Use with adequate ventilation.
Wash hands with soap and water before eating, smoking, drinking, or using toilet
facilities.
Follow MSDS guidelines for specific chemicals.
Raid House and Garden Bug Killer
Insect Killer
Hazard Communication Program
38
This material is for training use only
Solvents
Definition
Uses
An organic substance used for dissolving another substance.
Are an important part of everyday life.
Found in housekeeping, maintenance, hobby activities, and labs.
Physical Properties
and Hazards
Nearly all will burn and explode.
Volatile solvents evaporate readily, with a small amount of liquid making a large
amount of vapor or gas.
Many solvent vapors are heavier than air and sink to the floor.
Health
Hazards
May be the obscure cause of vague symptoms or serious disability -- all are
toxic to varying degrees.
Inhalation: Can cause damage to lungs or kidneys in high concentrations -have a rapid narcotic, anesthetic action.
Skin/Eye Contact: All can cause dermatitis by their action in removing normal
skin oils by sensitizing and all will irritate the eye.
Chronic Effects: many can cause cumulative systemic damage by repeated
exposures to low but unsafe concentrations. Target organs -- blood and blood
forming organs, liver, kidneys, nervous system.
Precautions
with use
Use out doors or in well-ventilated area.
Avoid splashes.
Wash hands well after use and before eating or smoking.
Keep pilot lights, sparking motors, cigarettes, or other ignition sources at a
distance (volatile solvents evaporate readily).
Personal
Protective
Equipment
Examples
Follow MSDS guidelines for specific chemicals.
2-butoxyethanol (Carpet protector, Formula 510, True Blue).
1,1,1,-trichloroethane (Stainless steel cleaner)
Acetone
Hazard Communication Program
Trichlorofluoroethane (Freon)
Xylene
39
This material is for training use only
Training Hazard Communication
Each employee who may be “exposed” to hazardous chemicals when working must
be provided information and trained prior to initial assignment to work with a
hazardous chemical, and whenever the hazard changes. “Exposure” or “exposed”
under the rule means that “an employee is subjected to a hazardous chemical in the
course of employment through any route of entry (inhalation, ingestion, skin contact
or absorption, etc.) and includes potential (e.g., accidental or possible) exposure.”
Information and training may be done either by individual chemical, or by categories
of hazards (such as flammability, insecticides, herbicides, or shop chemicals).
Information and training is a critical part of the hazard communication program.
Information regarding hazards and protective measures are provided to workers
through written labels and material safety data sheets.
Through effective information and training, workers will learn to read and understand
such information, determine how it can be obtained and used in their own
workplaces, and understand the risks of exposure to the chemicals in their workplaces
as well as the ways to protect themselves.
You want to create a climate where workers feel free to ask questions. This will help
you to ensure that the information is understood. Remember that the underlying
purpose of the hazard communication rule is to reduce the incidence of chemical
source illnesses and injuries. This will be accomplished by modifying behavior
through the provision of hazard information and information about protective
measures.
Hazard Communication Program
40
This material is for training use only
Hazard Communication Training Program Audit
―Does the training cover all types of harmful chemicals employees may come in
contact with under normal usage and foreseeable emergencies?
―Are your workers familiar with the different types of chemicals and the major
hazards associated with them (i.e. solvents, pesticides, corrosives)?
―Are your employees aware of specific requirements in the CFR 1910.1200 Hazard
Communication Rules (Written hazard communication program, labeling, MSDSs)?
―Does your program train employees in operations where hazardous chemicals are
present and the location and availability of your written hazard communication
program, including lists of chemicals and MSDSs?
―Does your training program include the explanation of labels and warnings that
have been established in their work area?
―Do your employees understand methods to detect the presence or release of
chemicals in the workplace?
―Does your training program provide information on appropriate first aid
procedures in the event of an emergency?
―Does the training include explanation of MSDSs, and how employees can obtain
and use the information?
―Have you worked out a system to ensure that new employees are trained?
―Have you developed a system to make sure that additional training is provided if a
new hazardous substance is introduced into the work area?
―Do you have a system to ensure that current (up-to-date) MSDSs are in work areas
where the chemicals are used?
―If you become aware of new hazards relating to the chemical in use, do you have a
system for informing employees?
―If you have employees who only perform hand labor operations, have you
provided them with the OSHA brochure, information as to work areas where
chemicals are present, access to the written program, access to the MSDSs and met
the training requirements of the Worker Protection Standard?
Hazard Communication Program
41
This material is for training use only
Optional Handout
The heaviest element known to science was recently discovered.
Investigators at a major research institution recently discovered the heaviest element
known to science and have tentatively named it Administratium.
Administratium has no protons or electrons, thus having an atomic number of 0. It has,
however, 1 neutron, 125 assistant neutrons, 75 vice neutrons and 111 assistant vice
neutrons, giving it an atomic mass of 312.
These 312 particles are held together by a force that involves the continuous exchange
of meson-like particles called morons. They are surrounded by vast quantities of
lepton-like particles called peons.
Since it has no electrons, Administratium is inert. However, it cannot be deleted
chemically, as it impedes every reaction it comes into contact with. According to the
discoverers, a minute amount of Administratium caused one reaction to take over four
days to complete when it would have normally occurred in less than a second.
Administratium has a half-life of approximately three years. However, it does not
decay in the usual way, but instead undergoes a reorganization in which a portion of
the assistant neutrons, vice neutrons and assistant vice neutrons exchange places. In
fact, Administratium's mass
will actually increase over time, since with each reorganization some of the morons
inevitably become neutrons, forming new isotopes. This characteristic of moron
promotion leads some scientists to speculate that Administratium is spontaneously
formed whenever moron concentration reaches a certain level.
This hypothetical quantity is referred to as the Critical Morass.
Hazard Communication Program
42