Download Final exam review

Final exam review
Circulatory system
1. Which is NOT a function of the circulatory system.
a.
d.
To transport Carbon-dioxide. B. To transport oxygen c. To transport waste products.
To transport nutrients. E. All of the above are functions of the circulatory system
2. What happens in the capillaries
a. Oxygen diffuses out of the capillaries ONLY. B. .Gas exchange occurs. C Blood is cleaned.
d. Nutrients and wastes are exchanged.
E. Both B and C.
3. What type of vessel takes blood away from the heart
A. Arteries
B. Veins
C. Capilaries
D. Both a and B
4. What type of vessels take blood to the heart?
A. Arteries
B. Veins
C. Capilaries
D. Both a and B
E. All of the above.
4a. Where does gas and nutrient exchange occur?
A. Arteries
B. Veins
C. Capilaries
D. Both a and B
E. All of the above.
5. The ______________ takes blood from the heart to the lungs. The _________ takes blood from the heart to the body.
A. Pulmonary vein: Aorta. B. Vena Cava, Aorta.
D. Aorta: Pulmonary Vein E. Aorta: Pulmonary Artery.
. Pulmonary Artery: Aorta
6. The _________ returns deoxygenated blood to the _____ side of the heart. The ______ returns oxygenated
blood to the _____ side of the heart.
A. Vena Cava: Left: Pulmonary Vein: Right.
B: Vena Cava: Right: Pulmonary Artery: Left
C: Pulmonary Vein: Left: Vena Cava: Right
D: Vena Cava: Right: Pulmonary Vein: Left.
E. Pulmonary Artery: Left: Vena Cava: Right.
7. What is the proper path of blood through the heart
A: Right ventricle  right atria  Left atria  left ventricle  lungs
B. Lungs  left atria  left ventricle  right ventricle  right atria.
C: Right atria  right ventricle  lungs  left atria  left ventricle
D. Right atria  lungs  left atria  left ventricle  right ventricle
E. Left atria  left ventricle  lungs  right atria  right ventricle.
8. I will find oxygenated blood in the pulmonary ______ and deoxygenated blood in the pulmonary
_________. For the rest of the body, I find oxygenated blood in _________ and deoxygenated blood in
____________.
A: Vein: Artery: Artery: Vein
B: Artery: Vein: Artery: Vein
C: Artery:Vein:Vein:Artery
9 to 12 use the following choices SA Node. B AV Node C. AV Bundle
9. This is the pace maker
10. This conducts the signal from the top to the bottom of the ventricles.
11. This serves as a delay between the atria and ventricles.
12. The heart beat begins with the depolarization of this.
12 to 24: True or false.
12. Atria contract just before the systole of the ventricle.
13. The pulmonary artery contains oxygenated blood
14. The left ventricle is the thickest (and most muscular) of the heart chambers.
15. Hormones are transported by the circulatory system.
16. Materials are exchanged between the blood and surrounding tissues in the capillaries.
17. Lymphocytes are part of specific immunity.
18. Nutrophils can use enzymes to break apart the membrane of bacteria.
19. Each B and T cell can recognize only 1 type of pathogen.
20. Macrophages are part of specific immunity.
21. Mucus membranes are not part of the immune system.
22. Often, you can catch an illness twice because the body does not have cells that “Remember” previous infections.
23. The only function of the respiratory system is gas exchange.
24. Your respiratory system will respond more to a decrease in oxygen levels than to an increase in CO2
Short answers
25. Each lymphocyte looks for how many antigens? ________
26. What is peristalsis and what systems would I find it in?
27. What is a sphincter?
28. What would I find in pancreatic juice?
29. What are the 2 main functions of pancreatic juice?
30. What flap closes to cover the glottis to prevent food from entering the trachea?
31. How are oxygen and CO2 transported?
32. Why is increased surface area important to our bodies. Give 3 examples.
33.What are the different regions of the nepheron? What happens in each region?
34. What are the different regions of the digestive system? What is digested in each region?
Match the enzyme with what it digests.
35. Amylase
a. Sucrose
36. Pepsin
b. proteins
37. Lipase
c. Starch (amylose)
38. Sucrase
d. fats.
Match the hormone with the function
40. Aldesteron
a. Responsible for maturation of a follicle or sperm production.
41. ADH
b. Helps reclaim water in the collecting duct.
42. FSH
c. Responsible for secondary sexual char in women.
43. Testosterone
d. Responsible for making you feel satisfied.
44. Gastrin
e. Responsible for most digestive processes.
45. Leptin
f. Increases water reabsorption in DCT by increasing Na reabsorption
46. Estrogen
d. responsible for secondary sex char in men.
47. Which of the following is not a way to increase the efficiency of a respiratory system?
a. increase the surface area available for diffusion of gases
b. decrease the distance over which the gases must diffuse
c. increase the concentration differences of gases inside and outside the system
d. All of the above will increase efficiency.
48. The majority of carbon dioxide is transported in the blood
a. attached to hemoglobin b. bound to oxygen c. dissolved in the plasma
d. as carbon monoxide in the red blood cells
e. as bicarbonate ions
49. Water diffuses out of capillaries and returns to circulation via
a. the hepatic portal
b. the aorta
c. the vena cava
d. the lymphatic system
50. The lymphatic system
A. is an closed circulatory system
d. returns fluids to heart
b. contains 1 way valves
E. both B and D.
e the urinary sys.
c. has hearts in mammals
51. which of the following is not a type of white blood cell.
A. Macrophage B. T cell
C. Eosinophil d. Basophil E. erythrocyte
52. The expansion of the lung and inhalation of air are in part the result of:
a. the muscles of the lungs relaxing, allowing the lungs to get larger b. decreased pressure in the thoracic cavity
c. the contraction of the muscles of the diaphragm
d. B and C only
e. All of the above.
53. After sperm are produced, they are delivered first to the
a. vas deferens
b. urethra
c. epididymis d. seminal vesicle
54. How many chromosomes does a normal, mature, human sperm cell contain?
a. 1
b. 5 c. 23 d. 46
55. During the excitement phase of intercourse, what makes the human penis enlarge and become rigid?
a. Blood
b. bone
c. semen
d. skeletal muscle contractions
e. none of the above.
56. Which of the following is the largest in size?
a. An egg
b. a polar body
c. a sperm
d. they are all the same size.
57 How long is the refractory period for men on average after intercourse
a. 20 seconds b. 2 minutes c. 20 minutes d. 2 hours.
58. What structure is cut and tied off in a vasectomy?
a. vas deferens
b. urethra
c. epididymis d. seminal vesicle
Short answers II
59. What is spermatogenisis? What is oogenisis? How are they similar? How are they different?
60. When is Oogenisis completed?
61. What are the 3 major types of white blood cells? What is the function of each? How does it function?
62. Where does the egg most often get fertilized? Where does it implant?
63. What is non specific immunity? What is specific immunity?
64. How does your skin function in your immune system?
65. How does your mucus membranes function in your immune system
66. Why does air enter our lungs?
67. The function(s) of the respiratory system is/are
A. Gas exchange
B. Immunity
C. Acid/Base balance
D. A and B
E. A and C
68. In the lungs, the level of __________ in the alveoli is always __________ than in the blood.
A: CO2: Higher B. CO : Higher C. O2: Lower
D. O2 Higher
E. CO2 Lower F. Both C and D
69. Acidosis can be caused by A: Not enough O2 B. Not enough CO2 C. Too much O2 D. Too much CO2
70. How much is filtered by our kidneys each day? How much do we urinate? What happens to the rest.
71. . Draw a nepheron. Explain what happens in each region.
72. What are the different “main” organs of the digestive system? What occurs in each organ?