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Cardiovascular system
Cardiovascular system
• all vertebrate animals have a closed circulatory system,
which is called cardiovascular system.
• heart, blood vessels
• transport gases, nutrients, wastes
Heart
Heart
• Four chambers
• Thickness of the wall
Left ventricle ﹥ right ventricle
Valves
• Atriovantricular valve:
right– tricuspid valve left-bicuspid valve
surpported by fibrous strings
•
•
Semilunar valve:
pulmonary valve aortic valve
To prevent blood backward movement
Heart
Blood vessels
• Arteries: carry blood
away from the heart
• Capillaries: exchange
materials with tissue
fluid
• Veins: return blood to
the heart
Blood vessels
• Aorta & vena cava—
major artery & vein
connected with the penis
• Arterioles--- small arteries
• Venules--- small veins
• Thickness of the wall:
Artery ﹥ vein
•
c. Vein
Capillary
• capillary beds –
many capillaries
interconnected
• capillary wall–
extremely thin, red cell
pass through in single
file
Two major circular pathways
• Pulmonary circuit
blood → lungs → heart
• Systemic circuit
blood → heart → body
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CO2
head and arms
O2
carotid artery
(also subclavian
artery to arms)
jugular vein
(also subclavian
vein from arms)
CO2
O2
O2
CO2
• Right ventricle
pumps blood to
lungs
• Superior/inferi
or vena cava
carry
deoxygenated
blood
lungs
pulmonary
artery
pulmonary
vein
superior
vena cava
aorta
heart
inferior
vena cava
hepatic
vein
mesenteric
arteries
liver
hepatic
portal
vein
renal
vein
digestive
tract
renal
artery
kidneys
Iliac vein
iliac
artery
CO2
O2
trunk and legs
• Left ventricle
pumps blood to the
body
• Pulmonary veins
carry oxygenated
blood from lungs
Systemic capillary exchange
• Dissect heart and identify four chambers
and valves