Download The Growth of Civilizations

The Growth of Civilizations
1.
2.
3.
4.
Classical Greece - 2100 BC – 150 BC
Rome and Early Christianity – 750 BC – AD 500
The Americas – 1000 BC – AD 1500
Empires of China and India – 350 BC – AD 600
The Americas
1000 BC to Ad 1500
•1. North America
•2. Meso America
•3. South America
•As advanced civilizations developed in Rome, other civilizations
developed in the Americas
•Early American civilizations all found ways to adapt to the varied
environments of the Americas
•Some developed sophisticated governments and engineering that
rivaled those of the ancient Romans
1000 BC- AD1500
Early Human Migrations
1000 BC- AD1500
1. North America
 Kennewick Man – 9,000 year old human
skull found along the Columbia River
 Gives us clues to some questions about
early Americans
1000 BC- AD1500
Cultures of North America
•Arctic and the Subarctic, Far West, Eastern Woodlands,
Desert West, Great Plains
1000 BC- AD1500
Cultures of the Desert West
 Hohokam- 300 BC to AD
1500 –adobe-mixtures of
clay and straw for homes
Anasazi – 100 BC to Ad
 Cliff Palace at Mesa Verde
Anasazi cliff dwelling
1300 –adopted the puebloaboveground structure used
for homes
1000 BC- AD1500
The Mound Builders
•Hopewell – 200 BC to Ad
500 – some form of
organized labor
 Mississippian – built some
of the earliest cities in
North America
1000 BC- AD1500
Other Cultures in North America
Inuit – Arctic Region -
no vegetation for foodfishing instead
 Plains Indians –
treeless grasslands
The Iroquois – Forest
Environment formed a
confederacy
1000 BC- AD1500
Sculpture from the Americas
• Origins of the Peoples of the Americas?
1000 BC- AD1500
The “Mother Culture” of Meso- America
 Olmec-predated just about every other civilization in
Meso- America.
 First to use writing system and first to use pyramids;
the one to give rise to later cultures in that region.
1000 BC- AD1500
2. Meso American Civilizations
•Mayan Aztec
1000 BC- AD1500
•The Olmec Civilization was small to the Mayan civilization,
which had its height in 1000 BC consisted of 10 million in
over 40 cities.
1000 BC- AD1500
Lands of the Mayans
The Yucatan
Peninsula
1000 BC- AD1500
Mayan Cultivation of Maize
•Slash and Burn-farming method
•Involves burning vegetation to clear
•It for planting
Chichen-Itza - Pyramid
1000 BC- AD1500
•Mayan cities such as Michen-Itza and Tikal were some
of the more spectacular cities, containing pyramids,
temples, and great palaces.
1000 BC- AD1500
Chichen-Itza - Observatory
•Mayans made advances in astronomy. They observed the
movements of the sun, moon, and planets. Calendar system
– 365 days farming schedule
1000 BC- AD1500
Chichen-Itza - Ball Court
1000 BC- AD1500
Overview of Tikal (Guatemala)
Temple of the Masks
1000 BC- AD1500
Tikal Jungle View at Sunset
Tikal - Main Court
1000 BC- AD1500
•Mayan cities functioned as city states, each had its own ruler and
government.
•Trade linked the cities.
•Warfare also linked other cities.
•Mayan cities never united.
•Tikal: Temple of the Masks
1000 BC- AD1500
1000 BC- AD1500
Tikal - Wall Mask of the Rain God
Chac, God
of Rain
Quetzalcoatl:
1000 BC- AD1500
The God of Wisdom & Learning
Mayan Glyphs
sky
king
house
1000 BC- AD1500
child
city
Mayan
Mathematics
•The Mayans developed a complex writing system, glyphs, or
symbols. They also created a number system, using the
concept of zero for the first time.
Mayan Glyphs
1000 BC- AD1500
1000 BC- AD1500
Mayan Underground Granaries: Chultunes
1000 BC- AD1500
Mayan Drinking Cup for Chocolate
1000 BC- AD1500
Pakal: The Maya Astronaut
1000 BC- AD1500
•The Aztecs, just a small group of farmers from northwest
Mexico, created the most powerful empire in Meso America.
1000 BC- AD1500
Lands of the Aztecs
•What land did they conquer?
1000 BC- AD1500
Aztec View of Tenochtitlan
•The Capital City of the Aztecs. Covered five miles and had a
population of 200,000. One of the largest cities in the world
at the time.
1000 BC- AD1500
Tenochtitlan: The “Venice” of the Americas
1000 BC- AD1500
Aztec Chinampa or Floating Garden:
15ft. to 30ft. wide
1000 BC- AD1500
Tenochtitlan - Chinampas
•Tenochtitlan was built on swampy island in the middle of a
lake. To create more farm land they build floating gardens
1000 BC- AD1500
Aztec Writing
•They kept written
records similar to
Mayans but not as
advanced.
Aztec Math
•They also used
Math. Conquered
People were
required to pay a
tribute, a tax.
1000 BC- AD1500
Aztec Sun Stone -- Calendar
•They
created a
260-religious
calendar and
a 365-day
solar
calendar.
They also
calculated
movements of
planets.
The Aztecs Were
Fierce Warriors
1000 BC- AD1500
•Achievements in the Arts and Sciences. Artisans made
bright feathers into headdresses, shields, and wartime
costumes. Metalworkers fashioned gold and silver.
1000 BC- AD1500
Aztec Gold
Aztec Sun Motifs
1000 BC- AD1500
1000 BC- AD1500
Aztecs Sacrifice Neighboring Tribes to
the Sun God-needed human blood
1000 BC- AD1500
Heart Sacrifice
on an Aztec Temple Pyramid
1000 BC- AD1500
Wall of Skulls, Tenochtitlan
1000 BC- AD1500
Sacrificial Statue, Tenochtitlan
1000 BC- AD1500
Ruins of the City Center, Tenochtitlan
Aztec Codex
1000 BC- AD1500
(15c Manuscript)
•Lasted a short period of time, 200 years. Contact with
the Europeans brought an end to the empire.
1000 BC- AD1500
•The Codex
Mendoza :The
Founding of
Tenochtitlantwenty years after
the Spanish
Conquest it contains
the history of the
city
1000 BC- AD1500
3. South America
•Many years after earlier civilizations such as the
Chavin, Moche, and Nazca, the Inca Civilization brought
the entire Andes Mountain region into one empire.
Lands of the Incas
1000 BC- AD1500
•They began as a
small tribe in the
Andes, but by the
early 1500’s their
empire extended
almost the entire
Pacific coast
throughout the
Andes.
1000 BC- AD1500
Cuzco: Ancient Capital of the Inca
(11,000 ft. above sea level)
Machu Picchu
1000 BC- AD1500
•Pachacuti –leader of the Inca used political alliances
and military force to gain control.
•The emperor had most of the power
.
Machu Picchu
1000 BC- AD1500
1000 BC- AD1500
Incan Suspension Bridges
•The first known bridges
spanned cannons, and rivers.
Woven out of fibers and vines.
1000 BC- AD1500
Incan Terrace Farming
•Terraces increased the amount of land available for
agriculture.
Incan Digging Sticks
1000 BC- AD1500
1000 BC- AD1500
The Quipu: An Incan Database
•Keep track of moving
goods they used set of
colored and knotted
cords.
1000 BC- AD1500
Over 100 Different Types of Potatoes
Cultivated
by the Incans
Produce from a Typical Incan
Market
1000 BC- AD1500
Incan Ceramic Jars
Peanut
Cacao God
1000 BC- AD1500
Potato
Cacao Pod
Squash
Maize in Incan Pottery
& Gold Work
1000 BC- AD1500
Inca Gold & Silver
•Artisans made intricate ornaments out
of gold and silver.
1000 BC- AD1500
Incan Mummies
1000 BC- AD1500
•The Incas lasted only
about 100 years.
•The arrival of the
Spanish in Peru in 1532
marked the end.