Download Study Guide for Chapter 16 - Urinary system Some terms afferent

Study Guide for Chapter 16 - Urinary system
Some terms
afferent arteriole, aldosterone, angiotensin I, angiotensin II, angiotensinogen, antidiuretic
hormone (ADH), aquaporin (water channels), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), Bowman’s
(glomerular) capsule, capsular (Bowman’s) space, collecting duct (CD), countercurrent,
countercurrent multiplier, distal convoluted tubule (DCT), efferent arteriole, erythropoietin
(EPO), filtration membrane, filtration, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), glomerulus,
juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA), kidney, Loop of Henle (ascending and descending limbs),
nephron, peristalsis, podocytes, proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), reabsorption, renal
column, renal corpuscle, renal cortex, renal medulla, renal pelvis, renal pyramid, renin,
secretion, transitional epithelium, ureter, urethra, urethral sphincters (external and internal),
urinary bladder
Suggested Study Questions
1. Name the major organs/body parts involved in removing various types of wastes from the
body.
2. Why is it useful that PCT epithelial cells have microvilli?
3. Trace the path of the glomerular filtrate/tubular fluid from Bowman’s space to the urinary
bladder.
4. Describe the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Under what conditions would this be
activated?
5. How are the permeability characteristics of the cells lining the descending and ascending
limbs of the loop of Henle different?
6. By what mechanism does ADH affect the water permeability characteristics of the
collecting ducts?
7. What is meant by the term “countercurrent”?
8. Filtrate entering the PCT has essentially the same osmotic concentration as blood. If
solutes are removed from the filtrate by the PCT, why is the osmotic concentration of the
filtrate still the same as that of blood at the end of the PCT?
9. How does the kidney help regulate blood pH? Which part of the nephron is most
important for pH regulation?
Practice questions
1. Which of the following is an enzyme that converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I?
a. angioase
b. angiogenesis
c. angiotensin II
d. renin
2. The lumen of the ___ is continuous with Bowman’s space in the renal corpuscle.
a. CD
b. DCT
c. loop of Henle
d. PCT
3. Which hormone REDUCES blood volume and pressure and INCREASES urine output.
a. aldosterone
b. antidiuretic hormone
c. atrial natriuretic peptide
d. erythropoietin
e. renin
4. If you had glucose present in your urine, the most likely portion of the kidney tubule to be
malfunctioning is the ___.
a. Bowman’s capsule
b. CD
c. DCT
d. loop of Henle
e. PCT
5. If you drank several glasses of lemonade which is highly acidic, which of the following is a
reasonable response of your urinary system.?
a. Your urine will contain lots of bicarbonate (HCO3-).
b. The pH of your urine will decrease.
c. The [H+] of your urine will decrease.
d. There will be no major changes in your urine.
6. Which of the following would NOT be found in the filtrate within Bowman’s space in a
normal human?
a. amino acids
b. bicarbonate ions
c. glucose
d. plasma proteins
e. sodium ions
7. Blood flows into the glomerular capillaries by way of the ___.
a. afferent arteriole
b. efferent arteriole
c. JG apparatus
d. loop of Henle
e. renal vein
8. The removal of water and solute molecules from the filtrate after it renal tubule is termed
___.
a. excretion
b. filtration
c. reabsorption
d. secretion
9. If the efferent arteriole constricts, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) will tend to decrease.
a. true
b. false
10. The part of the renal tubule that pumps Na+ and Cl- from the filtrate into the renal medulla
is the ___.
a. thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle
b. collecting duct
c. thin descending limb of the loop of Henle
d. distal convoluted tubule
e. proximal convoluted tubule
1. d
2. d
3. c
4. e
5. b
6. d
7. a
8. c
9. b
10. a