Download Evolution Summative Assessment DO NOT WRITE ON TEST

Evolution Summative Assessment
DO NOT WRITE ON TEST
1.
Industrialmelanismdescribesthechangeinmothcolorfrompaletodarkafterpollutionfromfactoriesresultingincoating
treetrunkswithalayerofdarksoot.Whichstatementistrueconcerningindustrialmelanism?
a.Afterthepollutionoccurred,mothsbecamedarkbecausesootgotontheirwings.
b.Thedarkmothssurvivedbetterafterthepollutionbecausetheywerenotpoisonedbythe
pollutants.
c.Individualmothschangedtheircolorinresponsetothepollution.
d.Duetovariationinthepopulation,somedarkmothswerepresentinthepopulationeven
beforepollutionoccurred.
2.
ThetongueoffrogspeciesXisstickyanditiswellsuitedfortrappingflyinginsects.Otherfrogshavelessstickytongues.
ThestickytongueofspeciesXisanexampleof
a.afossil
b.anadaptation
c.evolution
d.useanddisuse
DichotomousKeyforGenusProblematica
Thoraxandabdomenareentirelyblack
Problematicaalva
1
Thoraxisstripedandabdomenisblack
Goto2
Antennaeiscurled
Problematicabrancus
2
Antennaeisstraight
Goto3
Entirewingspanislongerthanbody
Problematicacantrellis
3
Entirewingspanisshorterthanbody
Goto4
Wingsarecurly
Problematicavestigialis
4
Wingsarenotpresent
Problematicaapteris
Usingthechartabove,towhichspeciesdoestheinsecttotherightbelong?
a.Problematicaalva
b.Problematicabrancus
c.Problematicacantrellis
d.Problematicavestigialis
Thefollowingitemsaretobeansweredwiththiskey.Identifytheperson(s)whoareassociatedwitheach
statement.
a.Lamarck
b.Darwin
c.bothLamarckandDarwin
d.neitherone
Mostusedorganswilldevelop,andunusedorganswillwasteaway.
Becauseanindividualbecomesstrongerorfasteritsoffspringwillhavethesetraits.
Organismsarefixedspeciesandneverchange.
Organismswilldevelopnewbodystructureswhenneeded.
Aspecieswillchangeovermanygenerationswhenindividualswithcertaintraitsproducemoreoffspringthanindividuals
withothertraits.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Naturalselectionactson_________________whichinturnmayresultintheevolutionof________________overtime.
a.Populations,individuals
b.Individuals,species
c.Individuals,Individuals
d.Individuals,families
10. Howdoesnaturalselectioncontributetothetheoryofevolution?
a.Overtime,naturalselectionresultsinchangesintheinheritedcharacteristicsofapopulation.
b.Naturalselectionselectsforthesameanimalseverytime
c.Naturalselectionresultsfromuseanddisuse.
d.Overtime,naturalselectionevolvesindividuals.
11. InhisbookOntheOriginoftheSpecies,CharlesDarwindescribedhowspecieschangeovertime.Whichofthefollowingis
NOTpartofhisobservationsthatdescribesthemechanismsofnaturalselection?
a.Organismsproducemoreoffspringthancansurvive.
b.Organismspassonacquiredcharacteristicstotheiroffspring.
c.Speciestodaydescendedwithmodificationsfromancestralspecies.
d.Organismswithadvantageswillsurviveandreproduce.
12. WhichofthefollowingprinciplesispartofLamarck’stheoryofevolution?
a.Evolutionisagradualprocessthatoccursoverlongperiodsoftime.
b.Variationoccursamongindividualsinapopulationwhenindividualsstrivetoimprovethemselves.
c.Moreindividualsarebornthanwillsurvive.
d.Individualsthatpossessthemostfavorablevariationshavethebestchanceofreproducing.
13. Thestreamlineshapeofsharksandwhales,similarbutnotduetoacommonancestorisanexampleof:
a.Analogoustraits
b.Homologoustraits
c.Artificialselection
d.Vestigialtraits
14. WhichofthefollowingstatementsisFALSE?
a.Analogousstructuresdemonstratecommonancestry.
b.Homologousstructuresarethesamebodypartsthataremodifiedindifferentwaysin
differentlinesofdescentfromacommonancestor.
c.Fossilscanshowevolutionarychangesinbonesandteeth.
d.Themoresimilarityinthestructureoftwoproteinsfromdifferentorganisms,themore
closelyrelatedtheorganismsare.
15. Whichpatternofevolutionresultsinonespeciesbecomingmanyovertime?
a. Adaptiveradiation
b. Convergentevolution
c. Geneflow
d. Analogousstructures
16. WhichofthefollowingisprobablythebestexplanationforthefactthatAntarcticpenguinscannotfly,althoughthereis
evidencethatmillionsofyearsagotheirancestorscoulddoso?
a.Penguinsliveonlandandfeedinthewater;thereforetheyhavenoneedtofly.
b.TheAntarctichomeofpenguinsisflatandbarren;thereforethereisnoplacetofly.
c.Ancestralpenguinswithoutlargewingswerebetterabletoswimandfeedinthewater;
thereforetheypassedtheirgenesforshorterwingsstructureontotheiroffspring.
d.Ancestralpenguinsdidnotusetheirwingsforlongperiodsoftime;thereforetoday’s
penguinshaveonlytiny,nonfunctionalwings.
Belowisacladogrammissingsomeofitsparts.Usethederivedcharacteristiccharttotherightofthecladogramandthis
cladogramtoanswerquestions17-20.
Lizard
Earthworm
Trout
Human
B. ___________
A. __________
Backbone
Organism
Derived Character
Backbone
Legs
Hair
Earthworm
Absent
Absent
Absent
Trout
Present
Absent
Absent
17. WhichderivedcharacterdoesletterArepresent? Lizard
Present
Present
Absent
a. Backbone
Human
Present
Present
Present
b. Legs
c. Hair
d. Eyes
18. WhichderivedcharacterdoesletterBrepresent?
a. Backbone
b. Legs
c. Hair
d. Eyes
19. WhattraitseparatestheLEASTcloselyrelatedorganismfromtheotheranimals?
a.Hair
b.Legs
c.Backbone
d.Noneoftheabove
20. Fromthiscladogram,wecanconcludethat______________sharesthemostrecentcommonancestorwithhumans.
a.Lizard
b.Trout
c.Earthworm
d.Nonesharewithhumans
21. Duringastudysessionaboutevolution,oneofyourfellowstudentsremarks,"Thegiraffestretcheditsneckwhilereaching
forhigherleaves;itsoffspringinheritedlongernecksasaresult."Whichstatementismostlikelytobehelpfulin
correctingthisstudent'smisconception?
a.Characteristicsacquiredduringanorganism'slifearegenerallynotpassedonthroughgenes.
b.Spontaneousmutationscanresultintheappearanceofnewtraits.
c.Overproductionofoffspringleadstoastruggleforsurvival.
d.Onlyfavorableadaptationshavesurvivalvalue.
e.Disuseofanorganmayleadtoitseventualdisappearance.
Thediagramillustratesanembryonicstageoftwoorganisms.
22. Whichofthefollowingcanbedeterminedbyobservingtheembryosshowninthediagramabove?
a. Theorganismsshareacommonancestry.
b. Theorganismsbelongtothesamegenus.
c. Theorganismsarenativetothesamegeographicareas.
d. Theorganismswillgrowintoanatomicallysimilaradults.
23. Overevolutionarytime,manycave–dwellingorganismshave‘lost’theireyes.Tapewormshave‘lost’theirdigestive
systems.Whaleshave‘lost’theirhindlimbs.Howcannaturalselectionaccountfortheselosses?
a. Naturalselectioncannotaccountforlosses,onlyforinnovations.
b. Naturalselectionaccountsfortheselossesbytheprincipleofuseanddisuse.
c. Underparticularcircumstancesthatpersistedforlongperiods,eachofthesestructurespresentedgreater
coststhanbenefits.
d. Theancestorsoftheseorganismsexperiencedharmfulmutationsthatforcedthemtofindnewhabitatsthat
thesespecieshadnotpreviouslyused.
24. Whyhasevolutionresultedinantibioticresistanceinbacteria?
a.Bacteriachangetheirmetabolismtocopewiththepresenceofantibiotics
b.Bacteriaresistanttotheantibioticssurvivetopassonthischaracteristictotheiroffspring
c.Virusesandbacteriaarebothkilledbyantibioticsiftheentirecourseofantibioticsistaken.
d.Bacteriahavelearnedhowtoneutralizeeffectsofantibioticsandpassthatontotheiroffspring
25. TobeinHardy-Weinbergequilibrium,apopulationmustbe
a. verysmall,haverandommating,noimmigrationoremigration,nomutations,nonaturalselection.
b. verylarge,haverandommating,highimmigrationandemigration,manymutations,naturalselection.
c. small,havenonrandommating,noimmigrationoremigration,manymutations,nonaturalselection.
d. verylarge,haverandommating,noimmigrationoremigration,nomutations,nonaturalselection.
26. Inapopulationswithtwoalleles.Bandb,theallelefrequencyofbis0.3.Whatwouldbethefrequencyofthe
heterozygotesifthepopulationisinHardy-Weinbergequilibrium?
a.0.9
b.0.49
c.0.42
d.0.7
27.Dogbreedssuchasbeagles,BordercolliesandGermanshepherdswereproducedbytheprocessof a.naturalselection
b.artificialselection
c.descentwithoutmodification
d.inheritanceofacquiredcharacteristics
Evolution Answer Sheet
NAME____________________________PER___
Record Multiple Choice Answers Below
1.
2.
6.
7.
11.
12.
16.
17.
21.
22.
3.
8.
13.
18.
23.
4.
9.
14.
19.
24.
5.
10.
15.
20.
25.
26.
27.
Mouse Species
Numberofaminoacidsthatdifferfromthoseinahumanhemoglobinprotein
27
chain(totalchainlength=146aminoacids)
Human
0
Rhesusmonkey
8
Frog
67
Chicken
45
Lamprey
125
Mouse
27
ExtendedResponseQuestions
28.Explainhowthedataabovecanbeusedforevidenceofevolution.Whichspeciesaremostcloselyandmostdistantly
relatedtohumans?Useevidencetosupportyouranswer.(3points)
29.Thescientifictheoryofevolutionissupportedbydifferenttypesofevidence.Thediagramsbelowshowtheskeletons
oftwodifferentanimalspecies,Modern Whale (A & B) and Maiacetus (C & D). Howdoescomparingtheskeletonsofthese
animalsprovidesupportforthescientifictheoryofevolution?Usetwoexamplesfromthepicturebelowandexplain
howeachprovidessupportforthetheoryofevolution.(4points)
30. The following dragons were caught out in the field. NO WINGS is a recessive trait. Using the
information below, find the allele and genotype frequencies for this population. (3 points)
Show your work here!
33. Using two specific examples from Super Croc or Dogs & More Dogs, explain how adaptations
help organisms survive and reproduce. (4 points)
a. ___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
b. ___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________