Download Athens` Age of Glory

Athens’ Age of Glory
Unit 3 Chapter 8 Lesson 3
Vocabulary
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Assembly
Jury
Philosophy
Peloponnesian Wars
Pericles
Socrates
Plato
Acropolis
Parthenon
Read Aloud
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If Athenians living in 500 BC could
somehow have traveled 65 years into the
future, they would have been amazed by
what they saw. In the city’s harbor many ships
would be tied at a long dock leading straight to a
huge trading area. People could buy a wide range
of goods, from Egyptian papyrus to Italian cheese,
with coins from Athens or Persia. Walking up the
road to the city—now surrounded by walls—they
would have seen grand stone temples where far
simpler ones had once stood. Athens, clearly, was
flourishing.
The Big Picture
• 499 BC – city-states of Greece go to war against
the empire of Persia
• Athens built a mighty naval fleet
• Sparta, Athens and other city-states for over 20
years fought and defeated the Persians
• Persians still a threat and some city-states paid
protection
• Enhanced the Athenian navy.
• Made life better for the Athenians.
• 460 – 430 BC – Golden Age of Athens
Golden Age of Athens
• Mid 400 BC – life the
same as 65 years
• Life still revolved
around the agora and
the acropolis
• Citizens voted on
issues
• Festivals honored
Athena every summer
A Walk Through Athens
• Acropolis – religious center
of Athens
• Larger than other city-states
• Displayed the city’s wealth
and power
• Center is temple to Athena
• Marble was from nearby
mountain
• Temple was The Parthenon
• 100,000 people lived in
Athens, the largest city in
Greece
Activity in the Agora
• At foot of the acropolis
• Business center
• Lawyers
• Merchants sold perfume, vegetables
• Potters
• City’s “bulletin board.”
Athenian Government
• 400 BC – small
council made all of the
city’s important
decision
• Assembly –
lawmaking body –
voted on issues
A Great Statesman
• 450 BC – Pericles led
Athens
• Democracy is governed by
many
• Made sure poor could take
part in government
• Citizens
• Served on assembly
• Served on juries
• Arranged for citizens
to be paid
• Farmers could afford to
take time to become
involved in
government
Philosophy in Athens
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Famous teacherSocrates
400 BC
Taught philosophy
Questioned Best
Government
Love
Good citizen
Religion
399 BC – urge revolt
sentenced to death
Student is Plato, who wrote
down Socrates’ idea.
War and Conflict
• Golden Age - ended
• Sparta and other
Greek cities jealous of
power and wealth
• 431 BC –
Peloponnesian Wars
Battles on Land and Sea
• Begin – Spartan Army attacks
• Pericles knew Athens no match
• Athenians living outside city
walls came inside the city
• Sparta destroys Athenian
farmland
• Navy controlled the Aegean Sea
and brought in grain
• War deadlocked
• Sparta won on land
• Athens won on sea1
• 1/3 of population died from a
plague
A Final Blow
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404 BC – Sparta cuts off Athenian grain supply
Starving Athenians surrendered
History of war in Thucydides who lived through it
War is a “violent teacher.”
End of the Golden Age
• Following
Peloponnesian Wars
Sparta led the polis
• For 50 years no citystate held control
• Threats came from the
North-Macedonia
• Alexander the Great
Why It Matters
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500-400 BC – legacy from Athens
Improved democracy
Built temples
Searched for wisdom through philosophy
400 BC – Alexander the Great would spread
the Greek ideals
MAIN IDEAS
• In the 400sBC – during their “Golden Age,”
Athenians discussed philosophy, wrote plays and
built many grand buildings
• Though democracy was still limited to male
citizens, Pericles worked to give poorer citizens a
voice in Athenian government
• The Peloponnesian Wars ended the “Golden Age”
of Athens. Afterward no singl polis dominated
Greece (Banks 209).
Think About It
• How did the war against Persia bring new
wealth and power to Athens?
• What changes did Pericles introduce in
Athens?
Focus
• FOCUS: List three things that reflect how the
century before 400 BC was a “golden age” for
Athens.
• THINKING SKILL: Make a generalization about
the changes tha occurred in Athenian government
between 500 BC and 400 BC.
• WRITE: Write a paragraph comparing democracy
in Athens with democracy in the United States.
THINKING SKILLS
• CONCLUSION – A FINAL STATEMENT
ABOUT THE MEANING OF MANY
FACTS
• Helps student see events within the “big
picture.”
• Helps make sense of specific facts you can see
how they fit into the big picture
Paragraph
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What is it about? What is the topic?
What are three facts stated?
What are keywords in these facts?
What is the common idea?
What isn’t stated but then can be implied?
Reviewing the skill
• What is a conclusion?
• What steps are involved in making a
conclusion?
• How does making conclusion help you to
better understand many specific facts?