Download The Pelvic Girdle

The Pelvic Girdle
 The pelvic girdle (or hip
girdle) is made up of two
hip bones (coxa = hip).
The ability to bear weight
is more important than
mobility & flexibility .
 The coxal bones (the
pelvis) are Made up of
three fused bones: ilium
(articulates with sacrum),
the ischium, and the
pubis.
 The two coxal bones together with the
sacrum and coccyx form the bony pelvis.
 The acetabulum is the hip socket (literally, “vinegar cup”) is
the meeting point of the ilium, ischium, and pubis
 It is on the lateral surface of the hip bone (coxal bone) and
articulates with head of the femur (lunate surface)
 The Acetabular notch is a gap in the ridge of
the margins of the acetabulum
The Ilium
 The ilium is a large flaring bone that connects with the
sacrum forming the sacroiliac joint.
 The marks of the Ilium: the greater sciatic notch, for the
sciatic nerve, the Iliac crest is the upper brim, the Iliac fossa
is the depression between the iliac crest and arcuate line
 Rest your hands on your hips—they will be
overlying the iliac crests.
The Ischium
 The ischium forms the “sit-down” bone.
 Marks of the Ischium: the rough Ischial tuberosity
receives the weight of the body when we sit, and the
Ischial spine above the lesser sciatic notch is an
important anatomical landmark.
The Pubis
 The pubis is the most
anterior of the coxal bone.
 Marks of the pubis: the
Pubic symphysis is a gap
padded with fibrous
cartilage where the two
pubic bones meet, and the
Obturator foramen allows
blood vessels and nerves
to run from the pelvic
cavity to the thigh.
Comparison of the
Male & Female Pelvis
 To describe pelvic sex differences, a few more
anatomical terms need to be introduced. The
female pelvis is modified for childbearing.
 The false pelvis is the superior portion bounded
by the lilia laterally and the sacrum and lumbar
vertebrae posteriorly.
 The false pelvis supports the abdominal viscera.
 The true pelvis is the inferior region that is almost
entirely surrounded by bone. Its posterior
boundary is the sacrum. The laterally and
anteriorly is the ilia, ischia, and pubic bones.
 The dimensions of the true pelvis, is critical if
delivery of a baby is to be uncomplicated; and is
carefully measured by the obstetrician.
 The female pelvis is tilted forward, the male pelvis
is tilted less far forward.
 The female acetabulum is smaller and farther
apart, the male acetabulum is larger and closer.
 The female pubic angle is broader (80-90
degrees) and the male pubic angle is more acute
(50-60 degrees)
 The female pelvic inlet (brim) is wider and oval
shaped, the male pelvic inlet (brim) is narrow and
heart shaped.
The Thigh
 The femur, or thigh bone, is
the only bone of the thigh. It
is the heaviest & strongest
bone of the body.
 Its ball like head articulates
with the hip bone via the
deep, secure socket of the
acetabulum. A short,
constricted neck angles
laterally to join the shaft and
is the weakest part of the
femur.
 At the junction of the
neck and shaft are the
greater and lesser
trochanter (bony
prominence), which are
sites of muscle
attachment.
 Distally, the femur
terminates in the
lateral and medial
condyles, which
articulate with the
tibia.
 The patellar surface
forms a joint with the
patella (kneecap).
The Patella
 The Patella, also called the kneecap, is a sesamoid
bone.
 Formed within the tendon of quadriceps femoris.
The Base attaches quadriceps femoris, (a thigh
muscle) & the Apex attaches the patellar ligament.
The Leg
 Two bones, the
tibia and the
fibula, form the
skeleton of the
leg. Joined along
its length to the
fibula by the
interosseous
membrane, the
tibia (or shinbone)
is the larger and
more medial bone.
The Tibia
 At the proximal end,
its medial and lateral
condyles receive the
distal end of the
femur to form the
knee joint.
 The tibial tuberosity is
the attachment site of
the patellar ligament.
 Distally, the medial
malleolus forms the
medial bulge of the
ankle, here the tibia
articulates with the
talus bone of the foot.
 The anterior margin is
a sharpened crest
relatively unprotected
by muscles; it is
easily felt beneath the
skin.
The Fibula
 The sticklike fibula
(lies parallel) to the
tibula, takes no part in
forming the knee joint.
 The proximal head
articulates with the
lateral condyle of the
tibia.
 It terminates distally
in the lateral
malleolus, (little
hammer), which
forms the ankle bulge
of the ankle.
The Foot
 Distally the tibia
articulates with the
talus bone of the foot.
 The bones of the foot
includes the 7 tarsal
bones forming the
ankle, 5 metatarsals,
(numbered I–V, medial
to lateral). which form
the sole, and 14
phalanges, which form
the toes.
 The body weight is
concentrated on the
two largest
tarsals—the
calcaneus (the
heel) and the *talus.
 Like the fingers,
each toe has 3
phalanges except
the great toe, which
has 2.
 *Talus on Top &
articulates with the
Tibia.
Arches of the Feet
 Arches of the feet transfer weight from one part of
the foot to another, they are:
 The longitudinal arch = lateral and medial
portion
 The transverse arch is formed by a difference in
curvature between medial and lateral borders of
the foot