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What to Study for Chapter 10 & 11: Cardiovascular System Test
Cardiovascular Overview
1. What are the functions of the cardiovascular system?
a. What issues do you think can arise if there is a problem with the gas
exchange?
2. What is the function of vasoconstriction?
a. Vasodilation?
3. How many valves are in the heart?
a. What are their functions?
b. What is a cusp?
c. Why is the bicuspid valve also called the mitral valve?
d. What function pulls the valves closed?
4. What is the function of the atria?
a. What types of valves do they have?
b. What are some possible conditions that can arise if the valves do not
function properly?
5. What is the function of the ventricles?
a. What types of valves do they have?
b. What are some possible conditions that can arise if the valves do not
function properly?
6. Where are the vena cava located?
a. What are their names?
b. What does superior mean?
c. What does inferior mean?
d. Are they pulmonary or systemic?
7. What is the largest artery in the body?
a. What is its function?
b. Where does the blood that feeds it come from?
c. Is it oxygenated?
8. What is the only artery in the body that carries deoxygenated blood?
a. What is its function
b. Where does the blood that feeds it come from?
c. Where is the blood going?
9. What happens to the blood as it reaches the blood?
a. Where does gas exchange take place?
What to Study for Chapter 10 & 11: Cardiovascular System Test
b. How does it get back to the heart?
10.Name the two types of circulation?
a. Describe them
11.What is the myocardium?
a. What is its blood supply?
b. How does the blood get back into the heart to become oxygenated
again?
Anatomy of the Heart
1. What is the outside layer of the heart called? (Epicardium or visceral
pericardium)
2. What is the middle layer of the heart called? (Myocardium)
a. What is it composed of? (Mostly cardiac muscle)
b. Is it vascularized? (remember from above)
3. What is the heart wall called? (Endocardium)
a. Is it thick or thin?
4. If the nerve connections are severed to the heart, can it still contract?
a. What is this called? (independent or spontaneous)
5. What is the Intrinsic conduction system?
a. Sinoatrial node (pacemaker/where action potential builds)
b. Atrioventricular node (receives action potential)
c. Where is the signal sent to? (atrioventricular bundle)
d. What is the function of the AV bundle? (Sends action potential to
the purkinje fibers)
e. What is the function of the purkinje fibers? (begins contraction of
ventricle at apex towards the atria…bottom to top)
6. What does the heart cycle consist of? (one complete heartbeat)
a. Systole? Contraction
b. Diastole? Relaxation
7. How many beats per minute on average? 72-82 (75 if done by math of .8
sec heartbeat)
8. What does the term arrhythmia mean? (irregular rhythm)
9. What is a heart murmur? (valves not working properly, swishing sound)
What to Study for Chapter 10 & 11: Cardiovascular System Test
The Vascular System
1. What are the three types of blood vessels?
a. Describe the structure and function of the arteries
b. Describe the structure and function of the veins
c. Describe the structure and function of the capillaries
2. What are the tunics?
a. Externa
b. Media
c. Interna
3. What is the lumen?
4. What is pulse?
a. Where is it measured?
i. What are the two main locations on the body where pulse is
measured
ii. What makes these locations ideal?
5. What is blood pressure?
a. Systolic
b. Diastolic
c. Normal
d. Where is it taken?
e. Why is it taken there as opposed to the wrist or ankle?
6. What factors affect blood pressure?
7. What is a blood transfusion?
a. What is an antigen?
b. What is an antibody?
c. What issues can arise from blood transfusion of non-normal
antigens?
d. What is Rh blood antigen?
e. What does Rh+ mean?
f. Rhg. What type of antigen are with -------8. Describe the composition of blood.
a. Plasma
b. RBC
What to Study for Chapter 10 & 11: Cardiovascular System Test
i. Erythrocytes
c. WBC
i. Leukocytes
1. Granulocytes
a. Neutrophils
i. Phagocytes
b. Basophils
i. Contain Histamine
c. Eosinophils
i. Kill parasites/allergens
2. Agranulocytes
a. Lymphocytes
i. Fight cancers, viruses
b. Monocytes
i. Fight chronic infection, very large
d. Platelets
1. How do they work?
Cardiovascular Conditions
1.
2.
3.
4.
What is Ischemia?
What is Fibrillation?
What is Cardiac Arrest?
Explain:
a. Arteriosclerosis
b. Atherosclerosis
c. Balloon angioplasty
d. Stents
5. Define and Describe the following conditions and their treatment
a. Thrombosis
b. Embolism
i. Pulmonary embolism
c. Varicose Veins
d. Hypertension
i. All of the conditions and causations
e. Coronary Artery Disease
What to Study for Chapter 10 & 11: Cardiovascular System Test
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
Myocardial Infarction
Congestive Heart Failure
Aneurysm
Heart Block
Hemophilia
Anemia
Cycle Cell Anemia