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L A B O R A T O R Y
Axilla and Brachial Region
BRACHIAL PLEXUS
5 Roots/Rami (ventral rami C5 – T1)
3 Trunks
Superior (C5, C6)
Middle (C7)
Inferior (C8, T1)
3 Cords
Lateral Cord (Anterior Superior and Anterior Middle Divisions)
gives rise to median and musculocutaneous nerves
Medial Cord (Anterior Inferior Division)
gives rise to ulnar and median nerves
Posterior Cord (Posterior Superior, Posterior Middle and Posterior Inferior Divisions)
gives rise to axillary and radial nerves
5 MAJOR BRANCHES
Median Nerve – Innervates forearm flexor muscles and hand musculature (thumb side)
Except flexor carpi ulnaris and medial 1/2 of flexor digitorum profundus
Musculocutaneous Nerve - Innervates the arm (brachium) flexor muscles
Including biceps brachii, brachialis, and coracobrachialis
Ulnar Nerve - Innervates flexor carpi ulnaris, medial 1/2 flexor digitorum profundus, and
hand mus culature (pinkie side)
Axillary Nerve - Innervates deltoid and teres minor
Radial Nerve - Innervates extensor muscles of the arm (brachium) and forearm (antebrachium)
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Laboratory 4 • Axilla and Brachial Region
Supraclavicular Branches (may not be easily seen) Infraclavicular Branches
Long thoracic nerve - serratus anterior
Lateral pectoral nerve - pectoralis major
Dorsal scapular nerve - rhomboids and
levator scapulae
Medial pectoral nerve - pectoralis muscles
Suprascapular nerve - supraspinatus and
infraspinatus
Subscapular nerves –
Upper - subscapularis
Middle - thoracodorsal - latissimus dorsi
Lower - subscapularis/teres major
Nerve to subclavius - subclavius
BRACHIAL REGION
Identify the muscles that comprise the anterior compartment of the brachial region.
Identify the attachment points and actions of the anterior brachial muscles.
Identify the innervation source and the primary blood supply to these muscles.
Locate and describe the anatomical significance of the bicipital aponeurosis.
Anterior Brachium Muscles
Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Blood Supply
Action
Biceps Brachii
Short: coracoid
process of
Scapula
Long: supraglenoid tubercle
of Scapula
Radial tuberosity Musculoand deep
cutaneous N
forearm fascia
(C5-C6)
via bicipital
aponeurosis
Brachial A
Circumflex
Humeral A
Supinates
forearm,
Flexes forearm at
elbow
Flex arm at
shoulder
Brachialis
distal, anterior
Humerus
Ulnar tuberosity Musculoand coronoid
cutaneous N
process
(C5-C6)
Brachial A
Ulnar A
Flexes
forearm at elbow
Brachial A
Circumflex
Humeral A
Flex arm at
shoulder,
Stabilize Scapula
Coracobrachialis coracoid process Mid-medial
of Scapula
Humerus
Musculocutaneous N
(C5-C7)
Identify the muscles of the posterior compartment of the brachial region.
Identify the attachment points for the posterior brachial muscles.
Identify the innervation source and the primary blood supply to these muscles.
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Laboratory 4 • Axilla and Brachial Region
Posterior Brachium Muscles
Muscle
Origin
Triceps Brachii
Long: infraglenoid tubercle
of Scapula
Lateral:
posterosuperior
Humerus
Medial:
posteroinferior
Humerus
Lateral
epicondyle of
Humerus
Anconeus
Insertion
Innervation
Blood Supply
Action
Extends forearm
at elbow
Extend arm at
shoulder
Proximal
olecranon of
Ulna
forearm fascia
Radial N
(C6-C8)
Circumflex
Humeral A
Profunda Brachii
(deep A of arm)
Lateral &
posterior
olecranon of
Ulna
Radial N
(C7-T1)
Profunda Brachii Resist abduction
(deep A of arm) of Olecranon,
Extend forearm
& Stabilize
elbow
VASCULATURE
Discuss arterial supply to the arm, including division between arteries.
Subclavian Artery
Axillary Artery
Internal thoracic artery
Superior thoracic artery
Vertebral artery
Thoracoacromial trunk
Thyrocervical trunk
deltoid
suprascapular
acromial
transverse cervical
pectoral
inferior thyroid
clavicular
dorsal scapular artery
Costocervical trunk
Lateral thoracic artery
Subscapular artery
Circumflex scapular artery
Thoracodorsal artery
Circumflex humeral arteries
Discuss venous drainage from the arm, including both superficial and deep veins.
Deep
Superficial
Axial
brachial vein
basilic vein
jugular veins
axillary vein
cephalic vein
brachiocephalic veins
subclavian vein
medial cubital vein
superior vena cava
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Laboratory 4 • Axilla and Brachial Region
Upper Extremity
Clavicle
acromial end
Scapula
spine
Humerus
conoid tubercle
borders
coracoid process
glenoid cavity
subscapular fossa
infraspinous fossa
supraspinous fossa
suprascapular notch supra-/infra-glenoid tubercles
head greater/lesser tubercle intertubercular (bicipital) groove deltoid tuberosity
capitulum
med/lat epicondyles
Radius
sternal end
acromion
trochlea
Ulna
subclavian groove
radial groove
med/lat supracondylar ridges
olecranon
trochlear notch
interosseous border
head
head
Carpal bones
ulnar groove
radial tuberosity
radial notch
olecranon fossa
ulnar tuberosity
styloid process
coronoid process
interosseous border
styloid process
(proximal)
pisiform
triquetrum
lunate
scaphoid
(ulnar)
(radial)
hamate
capitate
(distal)
Metacarpals (5)
Phalanges (14)
trapezoid
trapezium
Laboratory 4 • Axilla and Brachial Region
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Laboratory 4 • Axilla and Brachial Region