Download 5.4 Test The Body read 480- 536 Skeletal System Frame of bones

5.4 Test The Body read 480- 536
1. Skeletal System
a. Frame of bones that supports the body
b. Gives our body its shape
c. Protects organs inside the body
d. Helps the body move
2. Bones
a. Over 200 in your body
b. They work together
c. Support the body
d. Protect
e. Muscles Move the body
f. Made up of tissues
i. Group of cells working together
ii. Smallest parts of the body
g. Keep muscles and bones healthy
i. Eat healthy
ii. Exercise regularly
iii. Rest and sleep
h. Marrow
i. A soft tissue inside the bone
ii. Produces new blood cells
iii. Vessels carry food and oxygen to bone cells
i. Cartilage
i. Strong elastic tissue in skeletal system
ii. Found where bones come together
1. Tip of nose
2. Outer ear
Sliding joint between cartilage and bones
On xray cartilage is where it is blank between parts
Ends of bones covered & protected with pads of tissue
Bones need calcium (from milk) to stay strong
Bones won’t harden & form bone tissue
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Skeleton
a. Backbone
i. Long row of connected bones middle of back
ii. Curved like letter S
1. Scoliosis- side to side curve of backbone
iii. Bones are a sliding joint
b. Vertebrae
i. Bones of the back bone
ii. 30
Skull
a. Attached to top of backbone
b. Forms the face
c. Protects the brain
i. Fixed joint
d. Pivot joint between neck and backbone
Ribs
a. Forms a cage around the chest
b. Protects heart
c. Protects lungs
i. Which helps us to breathe
Pelvis or hip
a. Group of large, wide bones end of backbone
b. Keeps all your organs from slipping downward
c. Ball n socket joint
7. Leg Bones
a. Femur
b. Attached to Patella ( knee cap)
i. Hinge joint in knee
c. Tibia in back of leg
d. Fibula in front of leg
e. Taursals top of foot bones
f. Metatauruls your toes
8. Joints
a. Where two or more bones come together
b. Sliding joint
i. Allows bones to bend and twist
1. Bones of the backbone
c. Ball n Socket joint
i. Allows you to move any many directions
1. Hip, shoulder
d. Pivot Joint
i. Allows movement from side to side
1. Skull hooked to backbone
e. Hinge joint
i. Allows bones to move back and forth
1. Elbow, knee
f. Fixed joint
i. No movement at all
1. Bones of skull don’t move
2. Protects the brain
3. Otherwise concussions happen
9. Ligaments
a. Strong bands of tissue
b. Lets the bones to move but not to far
i. Knees and elbows have them
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Muscular system
a. Muscles that move the parts of the body
b. that make up the organ system
i. over 600 muscles in the body
ii. make heart pump
iii. stomach digest food
iv. muscles move fingers
c. Muscles
i. Bundles of long, threadlike fibers
ii. Each fiber is a muscle cell
iii. Voluntary Muscles
1. Muscles u control
2. Walking, running, picking up
3. Close eyes, speak, wide eyes
iv. Involuntary Muscles
1. Ones u can’t control
a. Heart beating, breathing
b. Taping of knee u jerk, cramps
c. Sneeze, hiccup, blink,cough
d. Blood circulation, swallowing
e. Smooth muscle
d. Tendon
i. Strong band of tissue
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ii. Connects muscle to bone
1. Behind your ankle
2. Muscle in your arms
iii. Contracting muscle
1. Muscle bulges
iv. Relaxing muscle
1. Doesn’t pull on bone
2. Gets longer and thinner
Healthy Bones and Muscles
Eat dairy products
i. Milk, cheese
ii. A child should have 2-3 servings per day to b healthy
Fruits
i. Apples, oranges, tomatoes
Vegetables
i. Carrots,
Proteins
i. Milk, meat, fish, eggs
ii. Build muscle tissue
Breads and cereals
Provide energy muscles need to move bones
Calcium
i. Help muscles contract
ii. Make bones hard and strong
Exercise
Rest and sleep
i. Waste makes muscles tired
ii. Resting carries waste away through the blood
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iii. Also allows body to repair bone & muscle tissue
Fracture
i. Crack or break in bone
ii. Open fracture
1. Broken bone sticks out of skin
iii. Closed Fracture
1. Broken bone doesn’t stick out of skin
iv. Bones can repair themselves
1. If set by a doc in a cast
v. Sprain
1. An injury when a ligament is stretched or torn
vi. Strain
1. Muscle or tendon is over used, stretched too far
Nervous System
Control system theat controls your actions
Made up of: brain, spinal cord, nerves,
Carries messages to and from all parts of the body
Nerve cell
i. A cell that Receives and send messages
ii. Aligned end to end
Nerve
i. Found in bundles
Brain
i. Main organ of nervous system
ii. Control center
iii. Cerebrum
1. Largest part of brain
2. Folded look lets more nerve cells inside skull
3. Right half
a. Controls left side of body
b. Controls recognizing faces
4. Left half
a. Controls right side of body
b. Controls your ability to speak
5. Controls your thinking
6. Controls movements of many muscles
7. Control your senses
a. Hear, smell, feel, see
iv. Cerebellum
1. Lies under cerebrum
2. Much smaller region
3. Helps muscles work together
4. Body keep its balance
5. Helps you pick things up
a. Works with muscles in eyes, arm, fingers
b. Such as hitting a baseball
v. Brainstem
1. Smallest part of brain
2. Controls involuntary actions
3. Controls many actions that keeps you alive
a. Breathing, sneezing, digestion, swallowing
b. Heart beating, blood running through veins
4. Spinal Cord
a. Thick cord of nerves in middle of the back
b. Carries messages to and from the brain
c. Soft tissue protected by backbone
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d. All nerves connected to spinal cord
vi. Sensory Nerve Cells
1. Carry messages to the spinal cord and brain
2. Pick up messages from inside/outside your body
3. Found in eyes, ears, nose, tongue, skin
vii. Motor Nerve Cells
1. Carry messages away from brain & spinal cord
2. Messages that make your muscles work
viii. Connecting Nerve cells
1. Connect sensory nerve cells w/ motor nerve cells
2. Allows messages to take short cuts to protect u
3. Reflexes
a. Quick automatic action
b. Touch a hot stove so u
c. Someone taps your knee
d. Hit your funny bone
e. Happens in less than 1/100th second
Endocrine System
Control system made up of glands
releases chemicals to control body functions
Glands
i. Organs or tissues make & release chemicals
Hormones
i. The chemicals made
ii. Help control activities of certain body parts
iii. Carried through the blood to these body parts
Hypothalamus
i. Releases many hormones
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ii. Bridges nervous system & endocrine system
1. Regulating body temperature
2. Appetite
3. Digestion
4. Circulation
5. Sleep
6. Emotions and behaviors
Pituitary Gland
i. Makes hormones that control other glands
ii. Pea size at base of brain (controls our thinking)
iii. Such as growth and body functions
iv. Metabolism
1. Take food u eat and convert it to energy
2. High metabolism burn food quickly
3. Low metabolism burn food slowly
v. maturation
Thyroid Gland
i. Found below and in front of adam’s apple or voice box
ii. Found in throat is butterfly shaped
1. Regulate heart rate, body temperature
2. Regulates metabolism
3. Growth of other organs in the body
Parathyroid Gland
i. Located behind thyroid gland
ii. Controls amount of calcium in blood and within bones
Pancreas
Located toward back of abdomen behind (stomach)
i. Produces insulin glucagon
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1. Regulate amount of sugar in blood
2. Secretes digestive enzymes
Adrenal Gland
i. Located on top of kidneys (triangular shaped)
ii. Regulates body’s metabolism,
iii. Balance of salt and water
iv. Immune system
1. Body able to fight off diseases
v. Cope with physical and emotional stress
1. Increases heart rate and blood pressure
Reproductive Gland
i. Release testosterone in males
1. Sexual development, facial hair, able to fertilize
eggs, lower voice, bigger muscles
ii. Ovaries in women produce estrogen
1. Female characteristics to be able to produce
babies and provide milk for the babies
Excretory System
Gets rid of cell waste in the body
Respiratory System
Brings air into the body to breathe
Drugs
Chemical taken into the body
Medicines help cure diseases, fight infections
Get rid of pain
Always read the labels before taking any medicine
Follow doctor’s orders for taking the drug
Never take anyone else’s drugs
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Drug Abuse
Misuse of drugs is very harmful
i. Speed up or slow down messages through nervous
system
ii. Harm ability to receive and send messages
Stimulants
i. Speed up actions of nervous system
ii. Causes heart to beat faster
iii. Breathing gets faster (lungs)
1. Caffeine found in coffee, tea, chocolate, pop
2. Nicotine found in tobacco
3. Cocaine
a. Blocks brain control of heart & breathing
Depressants
i. Slow down nervous system
ii. Slows down heart beating and breathing
iii. Feels confused and sleepy
1. Alcohol most abused
iv. Slows down reaction time
Narcotics
i. Slow down actions of nervous system
ii. Painkillers and often abused
iii. AIDS- Acquired Immune Deficient Syndrome
1. Gotten by sharing used drug needles
Hallucinogens
i. Causes people to see, hear, feel things not really there
ii. Slows down person’s reaction time
iii. Causes brain damage
iv. Transferred to child during pregnancy
v. Causing defects in child when born
vi. Marijuana
vii. PCP, angel dust, LSD, acid
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So as a 5th grader you need to exercise every day, eat
healthy, get your sleep otherwise:
i. Your skeletal muscles, bones, joints, heart, and
respiratory system will be weakened