Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download physical evidence types.notebook
Transcript
physical evidence types.notebook September 22, 2014 Physical Evidence: Any object that can show a crime has been committed or link victim and/or suspect to each other and/or the crime. Common Types of Physical Evidence: Organs and physiological fluids Body Fluids Paint Documents Petroleum products Drugs Plastic bags Explosives Plastic, Rubber, and other Polymers Fibers Powder residues Fingerprints Firearms and ammunition Serial numbers Soil and minerals Glass Tool marks Hair Vehicle lights Impressions Wood and other vegetative matter The Significance of Physical Evidence The value of class physical evidence lies in its ability to corroborate events with data in a manner that is, as nearly as possible, free of human error and bias. As the number of different objects linking an individual to a crime scene increases, so does the likelihood of that individual's involvement with the crime. A person may be exonerated or excluded from suspicion if physical evidence collected at a crime scene is found to be different from standard/reference samples collected from that subject. physical evidence types.notebook September 22, 2014 The Examination of Physical Evidence Identification vs. Comparison Identification of evidence is the determination of the physical or chemical identity of a substance. Requires: • standardized tests and analysis for the same samples of the same type • tests need to be sufficient to exclude all other types Comparison of evidence is the analysis of samples to determine if they have a common origin and therefore connection. Requires: • description of characteristics of suspect specimen • determination of characteristics of reference specimen to determine connectedness The question becomes: is there enough commonalities to determine origin of the specimens? Evidence associated with a common source with an extremely high degree of probability is said to possess individual characteristics. Evidence associated with only a group is said to have class characteristics. Forensic Databases Fingerprint Database IAFIS Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System DNA Database CODIS Combined DNA Index System Firearm Database NIBIN National Integrated Ballistics Information Network IBIS Integrated Ballistic Identification Systems Automotive Database PDQ International Forensic Automotive Paint Data Query Crime Scene Shoeprint Database SICAR Shoeprint Image Capture and Retrieval physical evidence types.notebook September 22, 2014 Medical Examiners Law Enforcement Personnel Toxicologists Detectives Pathologist Crime Scene Reconstruction Criminalistics Lab Techs CSIs 3 Contributions to Crime Scene Reconstruction
