Download Adult and Fetal circulation

Adult and Fetal circulation
Circulation 3. Anastomoses and Collateral Circulation
The Systemic and Pulmonary Circulation
1/3
Adult and Fetal circulation
circulation
the
input
heart
of
pumps
with
the
each
other.
blood
beat.
into
The
two
closed
circuits
circuits
are
arranged
–streams,
the
systemic
in
series:
circulation
The
output
and
the
of
one
pulmonary
becomes
The
left
side
of
the
heart
is
the
pump
for
the
systemic
circulation;
bright
From
which
gases
tissues.
venule.
systemic
the
red,
are
occur
Venules
In
arteries
veins.
aorta,
supplied
oxygen-rich
most
at
capillary
Ultimately
the
cases,
carry
that
by
blood
carry
the
deoxygenated
blood
blood
bed
pulmonary
the
ittwo
level.
from
to
flows
blood
all
into
the
Blood
organs
through
flows
blood
circulation.
separate
lungs.
unloads
back
of
away
only
the
The
to
one
body
In
from
left
oxygen
the
systemic
capillary
ventricle
right
–tissues
except
entering
atrium.
tissues,
and
picks
ejects
and
for
progressively
then
merge
the
the
up
this
exchange
alveoli
carbon
enters
left
blood
to
atrium
form
of
a
dioxide
into
of
smaller
the
systemic
larger
receives
nutrients
the
lungs,
aorta.
and
right
side
of
heart
is
the
pump
for
the
pulmonary
circulation;
red,
ventricle
artery
deoxygenated
plunges
into
the
into
pulmonary
the
blood
medial
returning
arteries
surface
from
that
of
the
carry
a
lung
systemic
itoccurs
and
to
the
then
circulation.
right
divides
and
left
into
Blood
lungs. several
itthe
ejected
receives
Each
from
pulmonary
all
the
right
dark
lobar
arteries
I.
branching
delicate
oxygenated
form
freshly
heart.
Within
the
oxygenated
air
the
pulmonary
arteries
sacs
blood
lung,
(the
the
lung
enters
become
blood
veins
lobar
alveoli).
venules
flows
-divides
superior
arterioles
arteries
Gas
into
and
branch
four
and
exchange
and
progressively
pulmonary
inferior
finally
along
-the
with
that
veins
pulmonary
larger
exit
across
the
and
bronchi.
the
veins.
these
medial
return
capillaries
The
As
capillaries,
to
aspect
largest
they
that
left
decrease
of
venous
surround
atrium
and
each
newly
lung. in
tributaries
offrom
size,
the
The
the
Fetal
Circulation
2/3
Adult and Fetal circulation
Prenatally
vessels
placenta
are
(before
constricted,
to
the
birth)
fetus
the
therefore,
by
the
umbilical
in
essentially
fetus,
vein.
Itblood
oxygenated,
then
nonfunctioning
nutrient-rich
to
the
(deflated)
inferior
blood
and
vena
isthe
cava
carried
pulmonary
by
way
venosus
(a
inferior
temporary
vena
cava,
fetal
vessel
the
blood
connecting
enters
the
the
right
umbilical
atrium,
vein
and
to
then
the
inferior
passes
vena
through
cava).
From
the
foramen
ovale
into
The
upper
portion
lungs.
right
the
aorta
extremities
The
of
left
atrium,
this
pumps
major
atrium
moderately
which
fraction
this
and
and
oxygen-rich
head
pumps
from
of
oxygenated
itlungs
the
there
flows
itneck),
deoxygenated
down
itare
blood
through
moves
to
blood
towards
the
down
another
right
flows
the
to
ventricle.
into
the
small
upper
ispasses
retuned
left
fetal
pulmonary
From
ventricle
extremities
via
the
that
right
arteries
and
the
superior
pumps
ventricle,
head.
to
vena
itthe
From
into
only
deflated
cava
the
the
afrom
aorta.
small
intoof
ductus
arteriosus
(remaining
well
connecting
the
output)
in
reoxygenation.
part
the
great
oxygenated
of
descending
the
vessels
blood
body.
the
pulmonary
The
from
blood
With
of
aorta
head
the
this
throughout
passes
ascending
and
kind
trunk
35%
of
into
toarrangement
the
the
of
aorta
the
into
the
prenatal
arch
umbilical
the
blood
enters
of
aorta.
aorta
the
life.
supplies
arteries
quickly
Only
at
descending
athe
point
athe
and
developing
small
rest
lying
isvessel,
returned
volume
aorta.
ofthe
just
the
brain
below
About
viscera
(10%
to
of
the
the
65%
the
of
and
placenta
the
emergence
fetus
of
the
cardiac
the
receives
inferior
for
blood
Circulatory
Changes
Occurring
After
Birth
Important
placenta
(foramen
bypass
Their
the
ceases
ovale,
circulatory
developing
ductus
and
remnants
adjustments
the
liver
venosus
infant’s
and
inofthe
lungs
and
lungs
occur
adult
ductus
close
expand
atform
birth
and
arteriosus)
are
(inflate)
when
cease
the
the
and
to
that
circulation
function
begin
permitted
to
asof
function.
they
much
fetalare
blood
of
The
no
the
more
through
three
blood
required.
shunts
to
the
fossa
ovalis,
side
ofnonfunctional
the
interatrial
septum,
present
on
the
right
atrial
venosum
seen
over
the
inferior
surface
the
liver,
and
arteriosum
,ligamentum
present
between
the
under
surface
of
the
arch
of
aorta
and
the
pulmonary
trunk.
proceed
to
Circulation
5. Atherosclerosis
and
Aneurysms
3/3