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Psychology
research
methods–
Analysis Portfolio
Taylor Rodgers
B00257487
Study 1: Data entry
– Uses a one way between groups design
– Each participant is subjected to only 1 condition
– Hypothesis: this study hypothesises that there will be a significant difference in the
identification score of those in the Task specific rehearsal (TSR) group when
compared to the other techniques.
– Independent variable: Identification technique group, 3 levels: General mnemonic
imagery (GMI), Situation perspective (SP), Task-specific rehearsal (TSR)
– Dependant variable: identification score
– A one way between groups ANOVA carried out
– This statistical test is used to compare differences in means from two or more
groups within a single variable design.
Study 1: Descriptive statistics
– Highest mean is TSR (83.58), middle mean is GMI (56.58) and the lowest mean
is 34.00 for the SP group.
– The standard deviations suggest that the data spread is fairly steady across each
group.
– These mean differences suggest that the participants in the TSR group may
perform significantly better than those in the other conditions.
Study 1:
Inferential analysis
– One way ANOVA with Tukey Post hoc comparison was conducted.
– A one way between subjects ANOVA was used to test for differences in identification score
between the different techniques of identification (GMI, SP and TSR).
– There was a significant main effect of identification score across the three groups, F(2,33)= 179.46,
p<0.001.
– Tukey post hoc comparisons of the groups indicate that TSR resulted in a significantly higher
identification score than GMI (27, p<0.001) and SP (49.6, p<0.001). GMI was also significantly
higher in identification score than SP (22.58, p<0.001).
– These results suggest that the null hypothesis can be rejected and that task specific rehearsal (TSR)
is the most effective memory technique.
Study 2: Data entry
–
Utilises a two way between groups design
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Each participant is subjected to only 1 condition
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Hypotheses:
1. There will be a significant main effect of the credibility of the type of witness on the amount of
misinformation recalled
2. There will a significant main effect for the type of witness statement on the amount of
misinformation recalled.
3. There will be a significant interaction between the credibility of the witness and the statement
accuracy on the amount of misinformation recalled.
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Independent variables: Accuracy, (2 levels: accurate, inaccurate) and credibility, (3 levels: high, low,
neutral)
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Dependent variable: Recall score
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A 3x2 two way between groups ANOVA was carried out
Study 2: Descriptive statistics
– Highest mean score for accurate group is high credibility (88.8), the highest mean score
for inaccurate group is neutral credibility (53.6). The lowest mean score for accurate
group is neutral credibility (55.7). The lowest mean score for inaccurate group is high
credibility (45.9).
– The standard deviation for the accurate group (2.2) and inaccurate group (3.6) within
the neutral credibility condition is lowest when compared with the accuracy of the high
and low credibility conditions.
– The line graph indicates that the difference between the accurate and inaccurate groups
for the high credibility condition is significantly higher than the difference between the
accurate and inaccurate groups for the low credibility condition. The means for both
accurate and inaccurate groups within the neutral credibility condition have the lowest
difference when compared.
– These results suggest that the accuracy of recall scores are heavily influenced by
credibility as the neutral credibility condition produced the lowest standard deviation
and are therefore more likely to be reliable whereas both high and low credibility groups
showed significant variance in accuracy.
Study 2: Inferential analysis
– Two Way between subjects ANOVA was conducted
– A 3x2 two-way between groups ANOVA was conducted to
explore the impact of credibility and accuracy on recall scores.
Subjects were divided into three credibility groups (high, low,
neutral) and were given either an accurate or inaccurate
statement, with six experimental conditions in total. The
interaction effect between credibility and accuracy were
statistically significant, F(2,54) = 66.5, p<0.001. There was a
statistically significant main effect for credibility F(2,54) = 25.7,
p<0.001 and for accuracy, F(2,54) = 256.6, p<0.001.
– These results support the hypothesis that there will be a
statistically significant main effect of credibility and for accuracy.
Also the hypothesis that there will be a significant interaction
between accuracy and credibility is supported by these results.
Study 3: Data entry
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Hypothesis: Age, extroversion and number of selfies will be significant correlated,
age and extroversion will significantly predict a proportion of the variance in the
number of selfies posted.
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Uses a standard multiple regression technique.
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Regression is used in this study to test the predictive power of age and
extroversion on the number of selfies posted and to investigate the correlation
between these three variables.
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Variables investigated: Age, extroversion score, number of selfies.
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Independent variables: Age, extroversion score.
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Dependent variable: Number of selfies.
Study 3: Descriptive statistics
– The scatterplot matrix suggests that a significant positive
correlation exists between all three variables of age,
extroversion score and selfie count. A weakly significant,
positive correlation exists between age and selfie count
(R=.234, p>0.05); and a strong significant, positive
relationship also exists between extroversion score and selfie
count (R=.671, p<0.001).
Study 3: Inferential analysis
– Number of selfies was regressed on two independent variables (age,
extroversion score) using the enter method. The results were significant
F(2,37)= 15.2, p<0.001. Multiple R was found to be 0.672 with adjusted R
square = 0.422. This indicated that 42.2% of the variance in number of selfies
was accounted for by the two independent variables of age and extroversion
score. As you can see from Table 1, age and extroversion score each
independently predict number of selfies taken.
– The results of this study suggest that all three variables of age, extroversion
score and number of selfies are significantly correlated, however age cannot
be used as a strongly reliable predictor of selfie count. The hypothesis for this
study is partially supported.
Table 1
Variable
Beta
t
p
Age
-.039
-.296
.769
Extroversion
Score
.687
5.177
.000