Download Design of Infectious Disease Studies

Miller/Fuller
Design of Infectious Disease Studies
SPRING 2002 9 weeks (Feb 28 – May 2) 2 credits
Thursday evenings 5:30-7:30pm
Faculty: Maureen Miller and Crystal Fuller
(limited to15 Epi students)
Requirements:
Principals of Epidemiology (P6400)
Introduction to Biostatistical Methods (P6104)
Concurrent or past:
Epi II: Design and Conduct of Observational Epidemiologic Studies (P8438)
Recommended:
Selected Problems of Measurement in Epidemiology (P8417)
Infectious Disease Epidemiology I (P8406)
Applied Regression Analysis (P8100)
Seminar Leaders:
Allison Aeillo
Farzana Kapadia
Purpose:
The purpose of this class is to introduce students to the design of epidemiologic studies
focused on all facets and types of infectious disease. Students will be presented with a
wide array of studies and study designs that address research questions concerning
infectious disease. Students are expected to familiarize themselves with the National
Institutes of Health grant proposal guidelines. No data are required for participation in
the class.
Organization:
Each lecturer will present a research project focusing on the ways in which research
questions were developed and studies were designed. In class discussion, students will
summarize the study design, review the strengths and weakness of the design, and
identify the types of questions for which the study design is suitable, as well as questions
that could not be answered given the research design presented by the lecturer.
Over the course of the semester, students will be expected to develop a research
question, identify specific aims to explore the research question, and design a research
study. Study designs will include the identification of a suitable population, sampling,
data collection procedures, and the selection of appropriate methods and analyses that
address the specific aims. Each student will present their study design ideas for class
discussion; presentations begin on March 7, 2002. Study designs will be based on the
National Institutes of Health grant proposal guidelines (Form 398) and will not exceed 10
pages (single-spaced). The final paper is due on May 9, 2002.
Grading:
Class attendance and discussion (10%)
Student presentation (20%)
Final paper (70%)
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2/28 Designing Social Network Studies
Maureen Miller
Aral SO, Hughes JP, Stoner B, Whittington W, Handsfield HH, Anderson RM, & Holmes
KK. (1999). Sexual mixing patterns in the spread of gonococcal and chlamydial
infections. American Journal of Public Health, 89(6), 825-833.
Neaigus A, Friedman SR, Curtis R, Des Jarlais DC, Furst RT, Jose B, Mota P,
Stepherson B, Sufian M, Ward T, & Wright JW. (1994). The relevance of drug injectors
social and risk networks for understanding and preventing HIV infection. Social Science
and Medicine, 38 (1), 67-78.
Neaigus A, Miller M, Friedman SR, Des Jarlais DC. Sexual transmission risk among
noninjecting heroin users infected with human immunodeficiency virus or hepatitis C
virus. Journal of Infectious Diseases 2001;184(3):359-63.
Rothenberg RB, Potterat JJ, Woodhouse DE, Muth SQ, Darrow WW, & Klovdahl AS.
(1998). Social network dynamics and HIV transmission. AIDS, 12, 1529-1536.
Optional reading:
Hoffmann JP, Su SS, & Pach A. (1997). Changes in network characteristics and HIV risk
behavior among injection drug users. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 46(1-2), 41-51.
Schwartz S, & Carpenter KM . (1999). The right answer for the wrong question:
Consequences of type III error for public health research. American Journal of Public
Health, 89(8), 1175-1180.
3/7 Data Collection Methodology among High Risk Populations
Crystal Fuller
Latkin CA, Vlahov D, Anthony JC. Socially desirable responding and self-reported HIV
infection risk behaviors among intravenous drug users. Addiction 1993; 88:517-526.
Goldstein MF, Friedman SR, Neaigus A et al. Self-reports of HIV risk behavior by
injecting drug users: are they reliable: Addiction 1995; 90:1097-1104.
McElrath K, Chitwood DD, Griffin DK et al. The consistency of self-reported HIV risk
behavior among injection drug users. Am J Public Health 1994; 84:1965-1970.
Samuels JC, Vlahov D, Anthony JA, et al. Measurement of HIV risk behaviors among
intravenous drug users. Br J Addict 1992;87:417-428.
Greenfield L, Bigelow GE, Brooner RK. Valididy of intravenous drug abusers’ selfreported changes in HIV high-risk use behaviors. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 1995;
39:91-98.
Kissinger P, Rice J, Farley T, Trim S, Jewitt K, Margavio V. Application of computerassisted interviews to sexual behavior research. Am J Epidemiol 1999;149:950-954.
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Metzger D, Koblin B, Turner C, Navaline H, Valenti F, Holte W, Gross M, Sheon A, Miller
H, Cooley P, Seage G. Randomized controlled trial of audia computer-assisted selfinterviewing: utility and acceptability in longitudinal studies. Am J Epidemiol
2000;152:99-106.
Turner FC, Ku L, Rogers SM et al. Adolescent sexual behavior, drug use, and violence:
increased reporting with computer survey technology. Science 1998: 280:867-873.
3/14 Design of clinical trials to prevent nosocomial infections
Elaine Larson
Larson E. Skin hygiene and infection prevention: More of the same or different
approaches? Clin Infec Dis 1999; 29: 1287-1294.
Larson E, Silberger M, Jakob K, Whittier S, Lai L, DellaLatta P, Saiman L. Assessment
of alternative hand hygiene regimens to improve skin health among neonatal intensive
care unit nurses. Heart and Lung 2000; 29:136-142.
Larson EL, Aiello A, Heilman J, Lyle C, Cronquist A, Stahl J, Della-Latta P. Comparison
of different regimens for surgical hand preparation. AORN J 2001; 73:412-432.
Larson E. Hygiene and the skin: When is clean too clean? Emerg Infec Dis 2001;
7:225-230.
Larson EL, Aiello AE, Bastyr J, Lyle C, Stahl J, Cronquist A, Lai L, Della-Latta P.
Assessment of two hand hygiene regimens for intensive care unit personnel. Crit Care
Med 2001; 29:944-951.
Elaine Larson (Principal Investigator) 1RO1 NR05197, “Staff Hand Hygiene and
Nosocomial Infections in Neonates,” Grant proposal to NIH.
3/28 Models of Transmission Dynamics: Tuberculosis and Malaria
Sally Blower
Blower SM, Small PM, Hopewell PC. Control strategies for tuberculosis epidemics: new
models for old problems. Science 1996; 273:497-500
Blower SM, McLean AR, Porco TC, Small PM, Hopewell PC, Sanchez MA, Moss AR.
The intrinsic transmission dynamics of tuberculosis epidemics. Nat Med. 1995 8:815-21.
Koella JC. On the use of mathematical models of malaria transmission. Acta Tropica
1991; 49:1-25.
Lindsay SW. and Birley MH. Climate change and malaria transmission. Annals of
Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 1996; 90: 573-588.
4/4 Modeling the Spread of Infectious Disease among Refugees
Ron Waldman
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Moore PS, Toole MJ, Nieburg P, Waldman RJ, Broome CV. Surveillance and control of
meningococcal meningitis epidemics in refugee populations. Bull World Health Organ.
1990;68(5):587-96.
Roberts L, Chartier Y, Chartier O, Malenga G, Toole M, Rodka H. Keeping clean water
clean in a Malawi refugee camp: a randomized intervention trial. Bull World Health
Organ. 2001;79(4):280-7.
Boss LP, Toole MJ, Yip R. Assessments of mortality, morbidity, and nutritional status in
Somalia during the 1991-1992 famine. Recommendations for standardization of
methods. JAMA. 1994 Aug 3;272(5):371-6.
Mahalanabis D, Choudhuri AB, Bagchi NG, Bhattacharya AK, Simpson TW. Oral fluid
therapy of cholera among Bangladesh refugees. 1973. Bull World Health Organ.
2001;79(5):473-9. No abstract available.
Legros D, Paquet C, Perea W, Marty I, Mugisha NK, Royer H, Neira M, Ivanoff B. Mass
vaccination with a two-dose oral cholera vaccine in a refugee camp. Bull World Health
Organ. 1999;77(10):837-42.
4/11 Randomized trials within the community (TB focus)
Wafaa El-Sadr
A review of efficacy studies of 6 months Short course therapy for TB among
Patietns infected with human immunodeficieny virus: differences in study
outcomes El-Sadr, Perlman, Denning, Matts and Cohn Clin Infect Dis 2001: 32:
6230632
Evaluation of new anti-infective drugs for the treatment and prevention of
TB. Hopewell, Cynamon, Starke, Iseman, O'Brien Clin Infect Dis 1992: 15 (suppl):
S282-295
Tuberculosis Adherence Partnership Alliance Study (TAPAS).
NIH Grant Proposal.
4/18 International WHO studies looking at HIV among IDUs
Terry Perlis
Ball AL, Rana S, Dehne KLHIV prevention among injecting drug users: responses in
developing and transitional countries. Public Health Reports. 1998;113 (Suppl 1):170-81.
Des Jarlais et al, In Stimson GV Des Jarlais DC Ball A. eds Drug injecting and HIV
infection Global dimensions and local responses. London Taylor and Francis. 1999
Des Jarlais DC; Hagan H; Friedman SR; Friedmann P; Goldberg D; Frischer M; Green
S; Tunvig K; Ljungberg B; Wodak A; Ross M; Purchase D; Millson M, and Myers T.
Maintaining low HIV seroprevalence in populations of injecting drug users. Journal of the
American Medical Association. 1995; 274(15):1226-1231.
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4/25 Molecular and social epidemiology methods combined
Frank Lowy
Ward H, Ison CA, Day SE; Martin I, Ghani AC, Garnett GP, Bell G, Kinghorn G,
Weber JN. A prospective social and molecular investigation of gonococcal
transmission. Lancet. 2000; 356(9244):1812-7.
Binswanger et al. High prevalence of abscesses and cellulitis among community
recruited injection drug users in San Francisco. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2000; 30:
579-81
Fleisch F, Zbinden R, Vanoli C, Ruef C. Epidemic spread of a single clone of methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus among injection drug users in Zurich, Switzerland.
Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2001;32(4):581-6.
Klovdahl AS, Graviss EA, Yaganehdoost A, Ross MC, Wanger A, Adams GJ,
Musser JM. Networks and tuberculosis: an undetected community outbreak
involving public places. Social Science & Medicine. 2001; 52:681-694.
5/2 Randomized community trials (STI focus)
Ron Gray
Grosskurth H, Gray R, Hayes R, Mabey D, Wawer M. Control of sexually transmitted
diseases for HIV-1 prevention: understanding the implications of Mwanza and Rakai
trials. Lancet 2000 355(9219):1981-7.
Gray RH, Quinn TC, Serwadda D, Sewankambo NK, Wabwire-Mangen F, Wawer MJ.
The ethics of research in developing countries. N Engl J Med 2000 343(5):361-2.
Gray RH, Kiwanuka N, Quinn TC, Sweankambo NK, Serwadda D, Mangen FW, Lutalo
T, Nalugoda F, Kelly R, Meehan M, Chen MZ, Li C, Wawer MJ. Male circumcision and
HIV acquisition and transmission: cohort studies in Rakai, Uganda. Rakai Project Team.
AIDS 2000 14(15):2371-81.
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