Download Composition of Blood

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Composition of Blood
1. What
is the blood volume of an average-size adult male?
2. What
determines whether blood is bright red or a dull
5:d
liters
6riry-r"6t
An average adult female?
4*J
liters
lts degree of oxJ?enation. The more,ox"vgen it carties,
the
brighter recl it is
3.
Use the key to identify the cell type(s) or blood elements thal
Key:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
red blood cell
megakaryocyte
eosinophil
f : neutrcphil
1. llost
t:
d.; basophil
aosinonhil
flt the following descriptive statements.
g.
h.
i.
basophil
monoc,,te
neutrophil
lymphocyte
fbrmed elements
plasma
numerous leukoc].te
and
t': neutophil
2.
granulocytes
a:
3.
also called an erythroclte; anucleate formed element
red hlood ce{l
e
:
mon o(:\)rc
f:
ncurroolit
4.
actively phagocytic leukocy.tes
a
;
monoc
z:
lymolncyte
5.
agranulocytes
h: meg*lut
6.
ancestral cell ofplatelets
h:
formed clements
7.
(a) through (g) are all examples ofthese
c:
eosinophil
8.
number rises during parasite intbctions
d:
basophil
9.
releases histamine; promotes intlammation
$;
llmphor,yte
a:
red hlood
i:
plasma
12. primarily water, noncellulac the t'luid nratrix of blood
;
fi{1110L
13. increases in tumber during prolouged infections
e
y"le
rcll
I0.
rnany forme d in lyrnphoid tissue
i1.
transports oxygen
t;
eosinopltil
d:
basophil
t';
neutrophil
g;
lymphot\;te
e:
moflocyte
14. also called white blood cells
Review Sheet
-+-
29a
245
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4. List
four classes ofnutrient$ normally found in
plasfia
lipids (fany
amino acids
atids)
Name two gases.
Name three
5.
100-120 doys. When
Z
ordeinl
atd
ofttrc plasru you obcerved in the labolsloty.
tt{*ficq')
Viscous and stickv:
sta$''colored
life span of a red blood cell? How does its anucleate condition affect this life span?
tlu
RBC's ATP resenes
luve
hcen exhaasted, the membrane begins to fragmeu. Without DNA to direct
From rrmory describe the structural characteristics of each of tbe following blood oell tJpes
nde the peroentage ofeach in the total white blood cell population.
neutmphils: Pale pinkcytoplasmwith fine *ranules; nucleas
I
or bilobed dutleus:
as
accurately as possible, and
l-4% ofWBC.
is rutbilobed and stains deep
purple;40-709c ofWBC.
I
lyrnphocyies: Snalt cell with
basophils:
Snarse dark bluc
sparse pale bluo cytoplasm and darkpurplc-stainine sphericol nu:leus;
c*oolasmic wanulcs: larpe U-shaoed nucbus which stains dorkblue:
204596 of llBC.
O.59c
or
less of
WBC.
monocytes: Abuttfunt gray-bhe cytoplasm, dark blue-purpte nacleus (ofien kidney-slaped): 4-8% ofWBC
t.
Correctly identify the blood pathologies described in column A by marching tbem with selections from column B:
Column A
2fi
n*NA
svnthcsis. needed enzvrnes cannot be made
eosinophils: large, red-staininx cttoqlasmic pranukt; fisure
+
c.arbon dioxide (nitrogen)
ct-
ions. i/a*
is the average
(therefore
- and _!!!@!
a16
Describe tlrc consistency and color
6. What
st gdr (e.g' glucose)
Column B
b;
leukot:ytosis
l.
abnonnal increase in
number of
WBCs
a.
anemia
d:
polvcythemia
2.
abnomul incrcase in tlrc number of
RBCs
b.
leukocytosis
a;
anemru
3.
condition of too few RBCs or of RBCs
hemoglobin defi ci€ncies
with
c,
leukopenia
c:
4.
d.
polycytlrcmia
leukopenia
abnormal decrease in the number of WBCs
heviery,rSheet2ga
tle
Hematologlc Telts
9.
Broadly speaking, why are hematologie studies of blood so important in the diagnosis of disease?
Specilic clanges from the normal numhersltJpes of.fotmrd elements andlor plasma constituents are charaderistic of certain
disaue slates
10. In the chart below, record information from the blood tests you read about or conducted. Complete the chart by recording
values for healthy male adults and indicating the significance of high or low values for each test.
High
Slgnlficance
Low values
values
decreased body
pralection; mdy
Total WBC count
irulicate clremical
to-ticiN,
Total RBC count
T
-1-
Hematocrit
42-52 volume
9c
aflemu
(particularly
iron deficiency
anemial
l
Bleeding time
2-7 min (lvy)
A-5 min (Duke)
abnormally
shaped RBCs,
pol-vcythemia,
and others
Sedimentation rate
Coagulation time
11. Why is a differcntial WBC count more valuable than
a total
WBC count when trying to pin down the specific
source of palhoysgyT A differentidl count determines the relative percent of each type of WBC . lncrcases or decreases in spet:iffu WBC
popilations are olten indicui,e (diagnostit:) of specirtc patlwlo*ies.
Revierav
Sheet
29a
247
12. What name is given to the process of RBC produclion?
Et'Jthropoiesis
What hormone acts as il slimulus lbr this process't ErJthronietin
Thekidneysproduceerltln'opoietinundercondirionsoflou'
Whatorganpmvidesthisstimulusandunderwhatconditions't
tension in the blood.
13. Discuss the effect ofeach of the following facton ou RBC count. Consult an appropriate reference as necerisary and explain
your reasoning.
long+erm effect of athletic training (for exarnple, running 4 to 5 miles per day over a period of six to nine months)
lncreoses the RBC count. An athlcta lus relatiwly large mxs<:le mass and needs an efftcient oxlgen deliver! to the muscles $'lten thet-
are working
a permanent move from sea level to a high-altitude area lnL:reased RBC count.The air is thinnar at ltish abitudes and contains
less
Or.Thc hodv compensates bv producing more
RBCs sc that the same relatirc amount ofO> <'an be picked up and transnortcd by
the bloo<l.
14. Define hematocl.iy. Pac*ed ccll volnme; yolnme plrcent
15.
oJ RBCs
in
100 mt ofblood.
If you had a high hematocrit. would you expect your hemoglobin determination to
Why?
be high or
low?
H/gi
-
Assuming the RBCs lnve a normal hemoglobin content, tlte higher the RBC volume, the higher the hemoglobin dctermination.
A substance
tlut inhibits hlood tlottinp
Name two anticoagulants used in conducting the hematologic tests. Heryrin (in <:afillart- tubes)
a14 sodium citrate
What is the body's narural anlicoagulant? Hcparin
17. If your blood clumped with both anti-A and anti-B sera, your ABO blood type would
be AB
To what ABO blood groups could you give blood? AB
From which ABO donor types could you receive blood? A, B,
AB, O
Which ABO blood type is most common? O
18. What blood type is theoretically considered the universal donor?
28
I
I
16. What is an anticoagulant?
on the
I
-tfr
Y
rcll membrane, redut ing tlrc t lruru:o ofa transfusion reat'trcn.
Review Sheet 29a
Least common?
o_
why?
/B
Tltcsc RBCs havc no A, B
or Rlt
20. Explain why
an Rh-rcgative perrcn does not have a transfusion reaction oo the
have a reaction on the second exposure.
There are no oreformcd ami-Rh
first exposure to Rh-positive blood but does
omibdies in hislher blod. Awibdies sre formed after
the first exposure to Rh+ bl@d.
What happens when an ABO blood type is mismatched for the first time2 A transfision rea$ian occurs
the
fint
and etery time.
21. Record your observations ofthe five demonstration slides viewed.
a-
Macrocytic hypochromic anemi3..
b.
Microcytic hypochromic anemi a; -RBct o'e
c,
Siclde-cell a11sn;a.
d.
Lymphocytic leukemia (chmnic)
e.
Eosinophilia:
Which of slides
a
RBCs sre l4r8e and Pale'
t'"tl oil pob.
RBCs are crescent slsped.
:
Lar*e nwnber
etf
srutll abnormal lvmphtxvtes
lncreased nwnfur of eosinoohils,
through e above corresponds withthe follo'wing conditions?
l.
irondeficient diet
44.
lack of vitamin B12
2.
afyrf,,, of bone marrow cancer
e5.
a tapeworm infestation in the body
3,
genetic defect that causes hemoglobin
to become sharp/spiky
b6.
a bleeding ulcer
22. Provide the normal, or al least "desirable," range for plasma cholegerol colcentrzrtron:
130-2N
mg/100nrl
the relarionship between high
lacks, and strckes.
2il. Desctibe
LDL
lepcts
fawr cholesterol
ilood cholesterol Ievels and cardiovascular dissases such
which, in turn: (l )
uprake and
blood flow to nore distal tissues, arul (2)
incteqsiJbl!143i-!!v@
tension. Attachetl thrombi or dctathedthrombi (enbotil
oo'o*'*"ouut 'l n'ot a
as hypertension' heart at-
natow the vessel,
ins of blood vcssels is one cause