Download Period 7 Lower Limb

Cassie Perez
Danielle Pusillo
Roshni Shibad
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The lower limbs have 60 bones in total
Each lower limb has a femur, patella, tibia,
fibula, 7 tarsals, 5 metatarsals and 14
phalanges (x2=60)
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The femur is the longest, heaviest bone in the
body
It makes up ¼-1/3 of the body
When a person is standing upright, the femur
transmits weight from hip to the tibia (shin
bone)
Function:
 Supports the most weight out of any other bone
in the body
 Helps in the movement of our legs
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Head (rounded epiphysis): articulates with the
pelvis at the acetabulum
Greater & lesser trochanters: projections that
extend laterally from juncture of neck and shaft.
 Develop where large tendons attach to femur.
Linea aspera: attachment of powerful muscles
that pulls the shaft toward midline (movement
called adduction).
 Lateral & Medial epicondyle: inferior surfaces
form lateral and medial condyles  form part
of knee joint.
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Femoral Fracture
 Usually caused by a large force such as:
▪ Car accidents
▪ Falls from a height
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What are the two functions of the femur
bone?
• Supports the most weight out of any
other bone in the body
• Helps in the movement of our legs
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Glides over smooth anterior surface between
lateral and medial condyles.
It is a triangular sesamoid bone.
▪ Sesamoid means the bone is embedded in a tendon
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The patella is embedded in a tendon of the
quadricep muscles that straighten the knee.
It articulates with the femur and covers and
protects the anterior articular surface of
the knee joint.
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Functions:
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The primary function is knee extension. The patella increases the
leverage that the tendon can exert on the femur by increasing the
angle at which it acts.
Dislocation
▪ Dislocation of the patella is common, especially among young
female athletes.
▪ It is when the Patella moves out of place. It can be put back into
place by extending the leg and sometimes it is fixed by itself.
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The Patella articulates with the _______ (1)
and covers and protects the
____________________ (2).
1. femur
2. anterior articular surface of the knee joint
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The Tibia is about 1/5- ¼ of the body
It transmits weight from the femur to the
foot.
Function:
 Bears a lot of weight when a person is standing up
 Movement
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One common Tibia injury is a stress fracture
▪ Stress Fracture= pain and swelling over the site of the
fracture and pain when you push on the shin
▪ Very common in runners
▪ Caused by:
▪ Overloading the bone with continual muscle contractions
▪ Sudden change in terrain (for example: going from running on a
track to lots of grass training)
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Located right next to the Tibia.
Slender, lateral bone.
Does not articulate with femur or help
transfer weight to ankle and foot.
Functions:
▪ Doesn’t bear that much weight
▪ It is an attachment point for muscles in the leg
▪ It is a stabilizing bone, particularly for stabilizing the
ankle
Tibia and Fibula
A fibrous membrane
extends between
the two bones
• helps stabilize
their relative
positions
• provides
additional
surface area for
muscle
attachment.
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The functions of the fibrous membrane that
extends between the tibia and fibula are…
• helps stabilize their relative positions
• provides additional surface area for muscle
attachment.
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The Tarsus is a cluster of 7 bones in the foot
The Tarsal bones are located between the
lower end of the Tibia and Fibula and the
Metatarsus
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Bones included in the Tarsus:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
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Talus – articulates tibia and fibula
Calcaneus (heel bone) – posterior projection of calcaneus is the
attachment site for the calcaneal tendon from the calf muscles
Navicular bone
Cuboid bone
Medial (First) Cuneiform bone
Intermediate (Second) Cuneiform bone
Lateral (Third) Cuneiform bone
Body weight passes through each of these bones in this order.
Most of your weight is transmitted to the ground through the
talus to the calcaneus.
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This bone connects superiorly to the
Tibia/Fibula to form the Ankle Joint and
inferiorly at the Subtalar Joint to the heel
bone
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Largest Tarsal bone
The Achilles Tendon is inserted into a
roughened area on its superior side
Functions:
 It bears some weight of the body as we stand on
our feet, and it supports the leg
 Assists in walking
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Metatarsal bones – support sole of the foot.
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Knee Joint:
 The femur attaches by ligaments and a capsule to your tibia.
 Below and next to the tibia is the fibula and tibia.
 The patella, rides on the knee joint as the knee bends.
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Ankle Joint:
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This is the joint between the Tibia and Fibula and the Tarsus
Articulation of the Tibia, Fibula and Talus
Acts as a hinge
Subtalar Joint:
▪ The Subtalar Joint is a complex joint that is positioned
below the ankle joint.
▪ Functions:
 Adjust to terrain when walking
 Pivoting on feet
 Shock absorbtion
Labeling activities: