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Schizophrenia Human Behavior Common Misconception… • People who have schizophrenia do not have multiple personalities or a split personality • They are split from reality – cannot tell what is real and what is not… Eugen Bleuler (1857–1939) coined the term "Schizophrenia" in 1908 Schizophrenia • definition – mental condition involving distorted perceptions of reality and inability to function in most aspects of life DID or MPD • Dissociative Identity Disorder • Multiple Personality Disorder • When 2 or more personalities are present within the same individual DID or MPD • Most common with people who have been sexually or physically abused • Amnesia cause the other personality to take over • Each personality has its own memories, behaviors and relationships (also different allergies, physical symptoms) Who has schizophrenia? • Most common mental illness – 1-2% of the population Risks of getting schizophrenia… Who has schizophrenia? • Common in all cultures, genders, and races – Men tend to develop symptoms earlier Symptoms • NOTE – 2 or more of these for a month would classify you as a schizophrenic – Can be gradual or abrupt – There are positive and negative symptoms Symptoms cont. • POSITIVE – exaggerations or distortions of normal processes or behaviors Symptoms cont. 1. Delusions * bizarre or false beliefs about reality * Examples… someone out to get them aliens believe they are famous Symptoms cont. 2. Hallucinations * bizarre, unreal sensory perceptions of the environment * Examples hearing voices feeling bugs crawl on skin seeing objects or faces smelling things Symptoms cont. 3. Psychosis * lack of touch with reality * Example… disordered thought process Symptoms cont. 4. Disorganized thinking or speech * Example… speak very little change thought mid-sentence Symptoms cont. 5. Inappropriate Behavior * Examples… childlike silliness violence Symptoms cont. 6. Catatonia * flexed in a certain position for a period of time “Waxy Flexibility” – persons arms will remain frozen if moved by someone else for long periods of time Catatonia… Negative Symptoms • Flat Effect – absence of normal behavior or emotion • Examples – Social withdrawal – Absence of emotion and expression – Reduced energy, motivation, and activity – Poor hygiene ** occurs before and after positive symptoms Flat effect… Types of Schizophrenia… 1. Disorganized * lack of emotion * disorganized speech * silly/childlike behavior * makes no sense when talking Types of Schizophrenia… 2. Catatonic * waxy flexibility * reduced movement * rigid posture * sometime too much movement Catatonic Schizophrenia… Types of Schizophrenia… 3. Paranoid * strong delusions * strong hallucinations Types of Schizophrenia… 4. Undifferentiated / Simple * disturbances of thought or behavior or emotion * does not fit into another category Causes… • Scientists do not know all the causes… 1. Genetics – “runs in the family” Causes… 2. Prenatal Damage * Malnutrition * Viruses Causes… 3. Environment * Family Stress * Poor Social Interactions * Infections or Viruses at an early age * Trauma at an early age Causes… 4. Neurotransmitters (Biological) * too much dopamine, low levels of serotonin and glutamate Causes… 5. Brain Abnormalities (Biological) * reduced number of neurons * enlarged ventricles * thalamus abnormalities Causes… 6. Reinforcement of a bizarre behavior (Behaviorists) Treatments… 1. Medication – Anti-psychotic drugs * many are made to block and alter dopamine and serotonin receptors * not a cure, but reduces symptoms (in 50%) * side effects… tremors, dystonia (muscle contraction), restlessness, involuntary/abnormal movements of mouth (40%), weight gain, skin problems Anti-psychotic drugs… Treatments 2. Counseling… * family counseling / psychological therapy * occupational training * Goal – make them a useful member of society John Forbes Nash Jr. Timeline of John Nash • 1928 – born in Bluefield, WV • 1945-48 – attended Carnegie Institute • 1949-50 – attended Princeton – Ph.D. 1950 – Nash Equilibrium • 1950-51 – taught at Princeton • 1951-59 – taught at MIT Timeline of John Nash • 1953 – 1st child with Eleanor Stier • John David (refused to have contact with) • 1957 – married Alicia Lopez-Harrison de Lard • 1958 – showed 1st signs of mental illness • 1959 – admitted to McClean Hospital – Diagnosed with Schizophrenia – son John Charles born – no name for 2 year • was also schizophrenic Timeline of John Nash 1961-1965 – returned to teach at Princeton 1963 – Alicia divorced Nash 1960-70 – In and out of mental hospital 1965-67 – researcher at Brandeis University 1970 – moved back in with Alicia 1970-90 – little known about Nash, slowly improved mental health 1994 – Nobel Prize 1996 – published research again 2001 – remarried Alicia