Download Unit 5 Study Guide Answers - East Providence High School

Unit 5 Study Guide Answers
1. G1, S, and G2 phases are part of interphase while M phase and cytokinesis are part
of cell division.
 G1& G2:Periods of cell growth
 S phase: DNA copies itself
 M phase: Cell division (either Mitosis or Meiosis
 Cytokinesis: Division of cytoplasm
2.
3. Centrioles attach to spindle fibers and both help to separate chromosomes or
chromatids during anaphase of both mitosis and meiosis. If the mitotic spindles
were disrupted then the spindle fibers would not attach to the chromosomes and
would prevent chromatids from separating and mitosis from continuing to take
place.
4. In mitosis, if a parent cell has 12 chromosomes, then the two daughter cells
produced will also have 12 chromosomes because during mitosis the cells
produced are an exact copy of the parent cell.
5. In meiosis, if a parent cell has 12 chromosomes, then the four daughter cells
produced will have 6 chromosomes because during meiosis the cells produced
are sex cells, which need to contain half the number of chromosomes.
6. Haploid will be 23 (half the number of chromosomes).
7. In Mitosis, the daughter cells are genetically identical to the parent cell. They will
contain the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
8. In Meiosis, the daughter cells produced are going to be genetically different from
the parent cell (and each other) and will only contain half the number of
chromosomes (haploid) as the parent cell.
9.
Mitosis

In prophase,
chromosomes
form from
chromatin and
become visible.

In metaphase,
chromosomes
line up vertically
and individually
in the middle of
cell.
Meiosis

In prophase I,
chromosomes
pair up forming
tetrads and
exchange genetic
information.

In metaphase I,
chromosomes
line up
horizontally in
pairs.
10. The types of cells that undergo the process of mitosis are somatic (body) Cells.
The cells that undergo the process of meiosis are sex (germ) cells.
11. A person with Down syndrome has an extra 21st chromosome. Instead of having
46 chromosomes in their cells they have 47. This can occur during Metaphase II
and Anaphase II of meiosis if chromosomes do not separate evenly.
12. Mitosis results in 2 identical daughter cells, results in diploid cells, requires one
division with no crossing-over, and produces somatic (body cells).
Meiosis results in 4 unidentical cells, results in haploid cells, requires 2 divisions
with crossing over taking place prior to first division, and produces gametes (sex
cells like sperm and egg).
13. Cancer cells do not respond to the signals that regulate the growth of most cells.
As a result, the cells divide uncontrollably. Chemotherapy compounds target rapidly
dividing cells; they also interfere with cell division in normal, healthy cells. The
chemotherapy drugs and stop DNA replication, or make the cell divide unevenly
causing the resulting cells after division to be unidentical, for example.