Download Typical violations of systemic blood pressure 1. Risk factors for the

Typical violations of systemic blood pressure
1. Risk factors for the development of essential hypertension:
a) overweight; b) frequent stress; c) excessive salt intake; + d) all of the above.
2. Name likely causes of symptomatic arterial hypertension:
+ a) Hyperthyroidism
b) chronic psychoemotional overstrain
+ c) Chronic nephritis
d) Repeated prolonged negative emotions
+ e) of atherosclerotic vascular lesions
f) Genetic defects of the centers of the autonomic nervous system, regulating blood pressure
g) Genetic defects cation transport membrane systems that lead to calcium accumulation within
the cytoplasm of smooth muscle cells of the vascular wall.
3. Specify the mechanisms of development of renovascular arterial hypertension:
+ a) activation of the RAAS; b) functional overload of renal medulla against the background of
insufficiency of the loop of Henle; +c) insufficiency of prostaglandin and kinin systems of
kidneys; d) failure of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
4. Name diseases and conditions that are accompanied by increases in blood pressure:
+ a) Cushing's syndrome
b) Klinefelter's syndrome
+ c) Cushing's disease
d) hypo(adreno)corticism
e) Hypothyroidism
+ f) Hyperthyroidism
+ g) Cushing
+ h) Pheochromocytoma
5. Name hemodynamic form of hypotension:
+ a) heart failure
+ b) decreased the volume circulating of blood
+ c) When lowering the tone of resistance vessels
d) hypovolemia
6. Name substances that have a direct pressor effect:
+ a) Renin
b) Angiotensin-2
+ c) ADH
+ d) Adrenaline
e) Histamine
+ f) Norepinephrine
7. Cause renoprive hypertension:
a) the two main stenosis of the renal arteries
b) Polycystic Kidney Disease
c) nephrosis
d) nephritis
+ e) All answers are correct
8. Complications of hypertension are:
+ a) Heart failure
+ b) Myocardial infarction
+ c) Stroke
+ d) Lack of intestinal blood flow
+ e) Disturbance of adrenal function
9. Pathogenesis of hypertension presumably includes the following links:
+ a) Stable increase of excitability and reactivity of the sympathetic nerve center of the back of
the hypothalamus
+ b) Reducing the inhibitory effect of the cortex, it is normally exerted on the subcortical centers
pressor
c) Depletion of adrenocortical function
+ d) Genetically caused a steady decline sodium, chlorine and water-excretory kidney function
+ e) Generalized hereditary defect of membrane ion pumps;
f) genetically determined hypoproduction mineralocorticoid
10. The main parameters that determine the level of blood pressure, are:
a) cardiac output; b) the total peripheral vascular resistance; c) the volume of circulating blood;
+ d) all of the above.
11. Risk factors for the development of essential hypertension include:
+ a) hyperergia of sympathetic system; + b) hypoergia of parasympathetic system;
c) hypodynamia; + d) hyperthyroidism; + e) diabetes mellitus; f) weight loss; + g) obesity.
12. Increase renin secretion is caused by:
a) an increase in perfusion pressure in the arterioles of kidney cells
+ b) reduced perfusion pressure in the arterioles of kidney cells
c) hyponatremia and hyperkalemia
+ d) hypernatremia and hypokalemia
e) reduction of angiotensin II in the blood
+ f) Increased levels of angiotensin II in the blood
13. Arterial pulmonary hypertension can be caused by:
a) polycythemia; + b) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; c) reduction of oxygen tension in
the alveolar air; d) pulmonary embolism; e) all of these reasons.
14. Name differences of hypertension from other arterial hypertension:
+ a) Increased blood pressure arises because of the lack of significant organic lesions of the
internal organs involved in its regulation
b) result from primary renal dysfunction and endocrine glands
+ c) is important in its development has a genetic predisposition
d) resulting from a violation of the adrenal glands
e) develops as a result of damage to the primary receptor of the aortic arch and carotid sinus area
+ f) is essential to improve the reactive properties of neurons of the sympathetic center of the
back of the hypothalamus
15. Pathogenesis of hypotension matter following mechanisms:
+ a) Increased activity of the parasympathetic nervous system while reducing the activity of the
sympathetic
+ b) The genetic defect of ion transport into the cell with the accumulation of calcium in the
cytoplasm smooth muscles cell vessel walls
+ c) Decrease in renal renin production
+ d) reducing the sensitivity of receptors smooth muscles cell vascular angiotensin II
e) disturbance of the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine at nerve endings
f) Decrease production of glucocorticoids
g) Increased activity of the sympathetic division of the ANS
16. What disorders can occur in acute arterial hypotension?
+ a) microcirculatory disorders; + b) coronary insufficiency; + c) circulatory hypoxia; + d) hemic
hypoxia; + e) syncope; f) ascites; g) polyuria; + h) oliguria.
17. Arterial hypertension is accompanied by:
+ a) hyperfunction of the adrenal cortex; b) hypofunction of the adrenal cortex;
+ c) hyperthyroidism; d) hypothyroidism; e) hypofunction of the adrenal medulla;
+ f) hyperfunction of the adrenal medulla; + g) sympathicotonia; h) parasympathicotonia.
18. Methods of modeling of arterial hypertension in the experiment:
a) bilateral transection of the depressor nerves of the aortic arch and sinocarotid zones;
b) ischemia of the adrenal glands; c) renal artery stenosis; d) bilateral ligation of the ureters;
e) cerebral ischemia; + f) are all true.
19. Effects of angiotensin II:
+ a) spasm of the arterioles; + b) sensitization of the walls of arterioles to vasoconstrictor agents;
c) an increase in the secretion of glucocorticoids; + d) enhancing the release of catecholamines
from vesicles of axons of sympathetic neurons; + e) stimulation of aldosterone secretion;
+ f) activation of prostacyclin synthesis in endothelial cells.
20. Arterial hypotension is accompanied by:
a) hyperfunction of the adrenal cortex; + b) hypofunction of the adrenal cortex;
c) hyperthyroidism; d) hypothyroidism; + e) hypofunction of the adrenal medulla;
f) hyperfunction of the adrenal medulla; g) sympathicotonia; + h) parasympathicotonia.
21. Is it true that the elimination of mitral defect can lead to regression of pulmonary
hypertension?
a) yes; +b) no.
22. The concept of "arterial hypertensive reaction" means:
a) temporary rise in blood pressure above normal; b) resistant rise in systolic blood pressure
above 160 mm Hg; c) resistant elevation in diastolic blood pressure above 95 mm Hg;
+ d) regularly repeated fluctuations in blood pressure between normal and elevated levels.
23. The most common cause of chronic hypertension:
a) renal diseases; b) endocrine pathology; c) brain damage; d) atherosclerosis + e) all of the
above.
24. Hypernatraemia contributes to the development of arterial hypertension by:
a) increasing the formation of angiotensin-3; + b) increase in vascular tone; + c) hypervolemia;
+ d) increasing the sensitivity of adrenoreceptors of vessels to pressor factors; + e) development
of edema of vascular walls; f) hemoconcentration; + g) inhibition of reuptake of the
norepinephrine by nerve endings; h) activation of synthesis of prostacyclin by endothelial cells.
25. Specify the substance giving vasodilator effect:
+ a) glucocorticoids; b) ADH; + c) thromboxane; d) nitric oxide; + e) aldosterone;
+ f) prostacyclin; g) adenosine.
26. Is accompanied by the development of systolic arterial hypertension:
+ a) insufficiency of the aortic valves; + b) aortic stenosis; c) hyperthyroidism; d) nephrosis;
+ e) nephritis.
27. Is it true that hypotension may be of physiological character?
+ a) yes; b) no.
28. The hypotensive effect is provided by:
a) alpha-adrenoblockers; b) beta- adrenoblockers; c) alpha-beta-adrenoblockers; + d) all of the
above.
29. Older people have more common:
+ a) primary arterial hypertension;
b) secondary arterial hypertension.
30. For the treatment of the collapse more effective:
+ a) sympathomimetics; b) vasodilators; c) blood preparations; d) analgesics; e) all of the above
drugs.