Download religion 2nd batch – VisualBee

“In the end, the good will triumph and
the world will have eternal peace”
What was the main religion of ancient
and classical civilization of Persia?
Zoroastrianism:
Struggle between Good and Evil
Founder is Zarathustra
Established the
wisdom tradition of
the “magis”
Defended by a prince
thus became as a state
religion
Teachings and Beliefs
Believes in dualism
Evil – Ahriman; Good – Ahura Mazda
Human beings are creations of Ahura Mazda but are given the
freedom to decide and act.
Traditions: Land, fire and water are sacred and should not be
dirtied by death.
Texts: Avesta or Zendavesta
“Love your neighbor as you
love yourself”
Judaism: There is Justice from God
JUDAISM is a religion of just one people:
the Jews.
JUDAISM was the first to teach belief in
only one God. Two other important
religions developed from Judaism:
Christianity and Islam.
Judaism
Started in the time of Abraham
Abraham’s family lineage were called Hebrews
Hebrews (Israelites) were slaves in (?), freed by (?)
From Egypt, they went to (?), where (?) became the first king of
Israel
Kingdom was divided into 2: (?)
Judaism
Jews think that God will send a Messiah
(a deliverer) to unite them and lead them in
His way.
Christians believe that Jesus was the
Messiah. The Jewish people do not agree;
they anticipate His arrival in the future.
Judaism teaches that death is not the end
and that there is a world to come.
Judaism
• The "Torah," the first five books of the
Hebrew Bible, is the most important Jewish
scripture.
• It contains the basic laws of Judaism.
• Another important book is the "Talmud,"
serving primarily as a guide to the civil and
religious laws of Judaism.
• Bias for social jsutice
The Jewish house of worship is
called a synagogue.
Rabbis (spiritual leaders) conduct
services, act as interpreters of
Jewish laws, and deliver sermons.
Today there are over 18 million
followers of Judaism scattered
throughout the world. A large
number of those people live in the
Jewish nation of Israel.
Jewish Philosophy
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God is one and unique
God is the creator
God is transcendent
God is immanent.
God is lawgiver
God is personal
We have the obligation to worship
The Torah is God's law
God is judge
The Messiah will come.
“No one has greater love than this, to
lay down one’s life for one’s friends”
Christianity:
Love as a Weapon of Change
God is the Creator of the universe. There is
one God, Who is Three PersonsFather, Son and Holy Spirit.
Jesus is both fully man and fully God. He
was born of the Virgin Mary
Crucified, resurrected from the dead, and
ascended to the Father.
Christian Philosophy
Sin and Evil
are realities in
our existence.
The Bible is
the Holy Book
that records
God's
revelation.
All believers
are promised
life
everlasting.
The leader of
Christianity
was Jesus, and
the followers
was his 12
disciples.
Teachings and Beliefs
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God is the Father of all humankind.
Love God above all.
Life and one’s personhood are sacred.
Each person should be charitable and just.
Each person can be cleansed of his sins and attain eternal
salvation.
• The humble and the oppressed as well as those who forgive
others shall receive blessings from God.
“The faithful followers will
reach paradise
Islam:
Surrender to the Will of God
• Founded by Mohammed
• The holy book of Islam is the "Koran."
Muslims believe its words to be those of
Allah himself, spoken to Muhammad by an
angel.
• Allah, is the Islamic God.
• People who believe these ideas are called
Muslims.
• Muslims learn that life on earth is a period
of testing and preparation for the life to
come.
• Angels record good and bad deeds.
• People should behave themselves and help
others, trusting in Allah's justice and mercy
for their reward.
Five Pillars
Proclamation that there is no other God but Allah and
Mohammed is his prophet
Praying five times
Fasting during holy days of Ramadan
Giving of alms
Pilgrimage to Mecca
adherents called
meaning of name
primary locations
origins
did Muhammad designate a
successor?
true successor of the
Prophet
qualifications for ruler of
Islam
current leaders
identity of imams
religious authority other
than the Qu'ran
concealing faith for selfprotection (taqiya)
temporary marriage
(mut'ah)
holy cities
Sunnah
Sunnis
"well-trodden path" or "tradition"
most Muslim countries
c. 632 CE; theology developed
especially in 10th cent.
Shia (or Shi'ah)
Shiites, Shi'i
"party" or "partisans" of Ali
Iran, Iraq, Yemen
c. 632-650 CE; killing of Ali's son
Husayn in 680 CE is major event
no
yes
Abu Bakr, father of the Prophet's
favoured wife, 'A'ishah (elected by
people of Medina)
tribe of the Prophet (Quraysh); later,
any qualified ruler
imams
'Ali ibn Abi Talib, husband of the
Prophet's daughter Fatimah
(designated by the Prophet)
human leaders
ijma' (consensus) of the Muslim
community
affirmed under certain
circumstances
practiced in the Prophet's time, but
now rejected
Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem
family of the Prophet
mujtahids
infallible manifestations of God and
perfect interpreters of the Qur'an
infallible imams
emphasized
still practiced
Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem, Najaf,
Karbala