Download Manifest Destiny

Manifest Destiny
From Sea to Sea
The Louisiana Purchase 1803
• Louisiana Purchase
– Thomas Jefferson only wanted the port
of New Orleans and was going to offer
$7.5 million dollars.
– Napoleon Bonaparte had no need for
Louisiana and was afraid that he might
loose it to the British so he decided to
sell the whole thing for 15 million.
– Many didn’t want to purchase it
because they did not have the money
and how would they govern it?
Louisiana Purchase 1803
Florida 1804
• Thomas Jefferson wanted to set out and
acquire or get Florida who was owned by
Spain at the time.
• There were many Seminole Indians, traders
and runaway slaves that lived in the area.
• Jefferson sent two delegates to see if they
could buy Florida but Spain said NO DEAL!
• Problems with the border.
Florida 1804
• Problems with Florida
– Slaves runaway to get away from
slave owners.
– Some slaves were accepted by
Seminole Indians.
– Seminole Indians raided white
landowners in Georgia.
– Spain was lacking their
responsibility.
– Thomas Jefferson sent Andrew
Jackson to stop Indian raids.
Andrew Jackson
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_e
mbedded&v=R7O_QNw7vpc
• Called “Old Hickory”
• Lawyer, Politician, Statesman
• Did not like Native Americans sometimes
called Indian Killer
• Democrat
• Had a hot temper and would get into duels
• Battle of the Alamo
• Involved in the Indian Removal Act
• Suffered from smallpox, gunshot wound,
Malaria.
Andrew Jackson
• Andrew Jackson was ordered that he could
chase Indians back into Florida (that was
owned by Spain) but could not go into Spain
to chase them.
• Instead Jackson marched 1,700 troops into
Florida. Where he captured forts, killed
British officers and replaced the Spanish
Governor.
Florida 1804
• Govern or Get Out
– In 1819 Spain gave up Florida to the United States
and the Untied States agreed to pay off $5 million
dollars in setters claims.
– Untied States also agreed to honor Spain's lifelong
claim to Texas.
War of 1812
Major events leading to The War of
1812.
• Britain and France were at war with each other.
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–
–
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US shipping was being harassed, and cargo was seized.
Britain required licenses for ships bound for Europe
France confiscated cargo from licensed ships
British Navy kidnapped these sailors off American ships
and had them rejoin the British Navy
Change of Presidency
• Jefferson did not want to run for a 3rd term
• Madison was Jefferson’s Secretary of State
• Also the shortest President
What were some of the benefits of
going to war with Britain?
• To allow reopening of trade
• National Pride
• To stop the impressment of sailors
What were some drawbacks to
going to war?
• Not everyone in the US wanted to go to war
• Military was small
– Standing Army was small
– Militia comprised most of our forces, and they did not like
to fight outside of their state borders
– Navy was quite small only 22 ships
• Britain was a great Superpower and could crush us
like a bug and we could lose territory that was gained
in the Treaty of Paris or the Louisiana Purchase
The Roof is on Fire…
• In August 1814,
British Forces Sailed
into Chesapeake Bay
and capture
Washington D.C.
• They burn the White
House and the Capitol
• Madison and
Congress Barely
escape
Oh Say Can You See…
• Unlike D.C., Baltimore was
Ready for the British
• The City militia inflicted heavy
casualties on the British
• After bombarding Fort
McHenry on September 13,
1814 The British abandon the
attack
• Francis Scott Key witnessed the
bombardment and penned a
poem which becomes the
National Anthem.
Battle of New Orleans
• Fought after the treaty
was signed (but not
ratified)
• Why was New Orleans
important?
• Pirates and Frontiersman
fought alongside US
troops
• Made Andrew Jackson a
National hero and
household name
• Ensured treaty ratification
Treaty of Ghent
• Treaty was Negotiated in
Europe and was signed
on Dec. 24, 1814 ending
the war of 1812
• The War ended in a
stalemate, where no
party gained or lost any
territory.
• The issue of
impressment was not
addressed, but faded on
its own.
If The War of 1812 ended in a tie,
why was it important?
• Gave the United States a National Identity
– We were able to hold our own against the British
– Started us thinking about continuing westward
expansion
– Ended bad feelings toward the British
• Creates a hero in Andrew Jackson and the
Western Frontiersmen
War of 1812
• Twenty-nine years after the end of the American Revolution, conflict
between Great Britain and the young United States flared up again. The
War of 1812 broke out for a variety of reasons, including Britain’s seizure
of American ships, impressment of American sailors into the British navy
and restriction of trade between the United States and France. In June
1812 James Madison became the first U.S. president to ask Congress to
declare war. Fought in three theaters, the conflict ended with the Treaty of
Ghent in 1815. In one of its most memorable episodes, as British troops
entered the capital to burn the White House and other government
buildings, first lady Dolley Madison refused to evacuate the White House
until a portrait of George Washington was rescued. The lyrics of “The StarSpangled Banner,” the U.S. national anthem, are another important legacy
of the War of 1812. They were penned by the amateur poet Francis Scott
Key after he watched American forces withstand the British siege of Fort
McHenry.
Star Spangled Banner
•
O! say can you see by the dawn's early light,
What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming,
Whose broad stripes and bright stars through the perilous fight,
O'er the ramparts we watched, were so gallantly streaming?
And the rockets' red glare, the bombs bursting in air,
Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there;
O! say does that star-spangled banner yet wave,
O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave?
On the shore dimly seen through the mists of the deep,
Where the foe's haughty host in dread silence reposes,
What is that which the breeze, o'er the towering steep,
As it fitfully blows, half conceals, half discloses?
Now it catches the gleam of the morning's first beam,
In full glory reflected now shines in the stream:
'Tis the star-spangled banner, O! long may it wave
O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave.
Texas
Texas
• Reason we want Texas
– Much was suited for growing cotton.
Texas
• Mexico declares
independence from Spain
and becomes its own
country.
• A man by the name of
Stephen Austin wanted to
start his own colony which
Mexico agreed with except
with a few rules.
Texas
• The Rules
– The settlers had to be hardworking
– Promised to become Mexican citizens
– Learn to Speak their language
– Join the Catholic Church
• Austin agreed to those terms and brought in
297 families also known as the “Old Three
Hundred.”
Texas 1830
• The settlement became very popular.
– Why did it gain so much popularity?
• In 1830 there were 25,000 Americans in Texas
compared to only 4,000 Tejanos or people
from Mexican decent.
Problems arise in Texas 1830
American Side
• Americans were use to governing themselves
• They were upset on how all documents has to
be in Spanish writing
• Most were unwilling to learn the language
• Many plantation owners were upset the
Mexican government outlawed slavery in
1829
Problems arise in Texas 1830
Mexican Side
• Many Mexicans were upset how Americans came to
Mexico illegally
• Americans showed little respect for Mexican culture
• Americans had no intention of becoming Mexican
Citizens
• So Mexico responded by closing Texas so no more
Americans could not immigrate into Texas.
• Mexican government sent troops to the boarder to
enforce immigration laws.
Alamo
• The first battle
between the
Texans and
Mexicans took
place at an old
mission that was
used as a fort.
• It was called the
Alamo.
The Alamo
The Fight for the Alamo
•
•
•
•
There were only 183 Texans guarding the Alamo.
The Mexican army had 1,800 men.
The Texans held the Alamo for twelve days.
On the thirteenth day, Santa Anna ordered his men
to storm the fortress.
• When it was over, all but five Texans were dead. The
men not killed in the battle were executed by Santa
Anna.
• Texans were shocked by the slaughter at the Alamo
and vowed to fight for their freedom.
The Alamo
Oregon
• Four Countries Claimed Oregon
– Russia, Spain, Great Britain, and the United States
• Spain dropped out first they gave up their claim when
they gave up Florida
• Russia dropped next and only claimed the territory that
lay north of the 54, 40 parallel.
• Who is left?
Oregon
• United States and Great Britain
– When Lewis and Clark led a small band of
explorers to Oregon’s coast.
– People wanted to come because
• To convert Native Americans
• Towering forests
• Little to no disease was found.
– We get half of the Oregon Country
Oregon Map
Mexican American War
• Sam Houston the commander of the
Texas Revolutionary Army knew
Texans rage.
• Sam Houston’s hope was to retreat
eastward to distance Santa Anna so it
would become harder for him to
supply his army.
• Many hated his idea but it was an
amazing plan.
• Santa Anna caught up with Sam
Houston.
• The Texan Army’s war cry was
“Remember the Alamo”
Lone Star Republic
• In 1836, Texas declared
itself The Lone Star
Republic.
• Sam Houston was elected
president.
• Some Americans wanted
Texas to be part of the U.S.
• Some people were afraid of
Texas becoming a slave
state, others of war with
Mexico.
• Both would eventually
happen.
Annex Texas
• Many Americans wanted Texas to become a
part of the United States
• Instead it stayed an Independent State for 10
years.
• Problems with slavery and war with Mexico
• We did annex Texas after those 10 years and
we did go to war with Mexico
California
• Annex of Texas brings war.
• Mexico and their forces fire on the United
States at the Rio Grande
• Americans lost 16 men.
• President Polk declares war on Mexico
• Long story short….America and Mexico fight a
very bloody battle and America prevails.
California’s Importance
• Due to the Mexican American War we receive
states such as…
– California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico,
and parts of Colorado, and Wyoming
– United States pays 15 million dollars to Mexico for
the land.
– Excellent growing seasons for crops
– Gold becomes very important
– Fulfills Manifest Destiny.