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Transcript
“The industrial countries began to take over other
countries. When one country takes over other countries to rule
them, it is starting an empire.
There has been imperialism since early times. The early
Romans had an empire. The kind of imperialism that began in the
1800’s was different from that of the Roman Empire. In the new
kinds of imperialism, the industrial countries began to take over
and rule the less-developed countries.”
In your own words, define the meaning of imperialism.


Essential Question: Was imperialism a blessing or a curse?

Background
o “The sun never sets on the British Empire”
• Edward VII
• What does it mean?
o Causes
•
•
•
•
Industrial Revolution
Science/Scientific Thought
Technology
New economic and political power
 Imperialism-
the domination of one country via
political, economic, or cultural life by another
country or region

Europe conquered empires across the Atlantic after 1492
o Also in S. Asia, Africa, and China
o Despite owning these territories, Europe had little influence on the
lives of these people
o Europe gained power in the 1800’s
• Why? How?
o Imperialism exploded out of a multitude of causes…
S.H.E.P

Social Darwinism
o Say what?...



Westerners had the mission of “civilizing” other cultures
Growing sense of racial superiority in the West
Applied ideas of Social Darwinism to human societies
o Europeans were superior to all others
o Destruction of weaker species was essential for the betterment of
mankind

Humanitarian Goals

Westerners felt a general concern for their “little brothers”
o Missionaries, doctors, and officials spread the “blessings” of the
western world
• Medicine, law, religion, customs, etc
“Take up the White Man’s burden, Send forth the best ye
breed
Go bind your sons to exile, To serve your captive’s need
Take up the White Man’s burden, The savage wars of peace
Fill full the mouth of Famine, And bid the sickness cease
And when your goal is nearest, The end for other sought
Watch sloth and heathen folly, Bring all your hope to nought.”
What is the White Man’s Burden?
Why is Imperialism considered good?

Economic Interests
o Industrial Revolution created wants and needs that spawned
overseas expansion
• Wanted access to natural resources like rubber, petroleum,
manganese, palm oil
• Hoped for new markets in other countries
• Outlet for European population

Political and Military Interests
o Merchant ships and naval vessels needed bases around the world
• Coal and supplies
o Industrial powers took hold of harbors and islands to fulfill this need
o Nationalism played a role as well
•
•
•
•
French took land in west Africa
Britain and Germany seized nearby lands just to stop French expansion
Colonies were needed for security
Global empire was prestigious





Increase trade by providing market for manufactured goods
Gain sources of raw materials
Secure military advantages
Increase prestige
Share religious and cultural beliefs
Which motive do you think
is the most justifiable?
Why was
Imperialism so
successful??

Weakness of Nonwestern Nations
o Europe was growing stronger everyday however other nations were
growing weaker
•
•
•
•
•
Ottoman Empire
Middle East
India
China
Africa
o In Africa, wars among African people and the slave trade hindered
already established empire and kingdoms
• Not strong enough to resist western expansion

Western Advantages

Strong economies
Well organized governments
Powerful armies and navies
Superior technology/medicine



o Quinine-helped Europeans survive deadly tropical disease
o Maxim machine gun
o Steam-driven warships

Resistance of Non-Western Nations
o Africans and Asians strongly resisted western expansion into their
nations
o Fought back even though they had inferior technology
o Strengthened societies by reforming religions and traditions
o Western educated Africans and Asians organized movements to
expel imperialists from their lands

Criticism at Home
o How do you think people took to the news that their country was
imperializing?

Anti-Imperialists Sentiments
o Colonialism was for the rich
o Wanted democracy at home, but were ruling undemocratically
abroad
o Imperialism stood for assertion of racial supremacy and material
force rather than a national responsibility

Forms of Imperial Rule
o Colonies-
• Leading imperial powers
• Britain and France
• Direct Rule- the sending of officials and soldiers to administer their
colonies
• France
• Indirect Rule- the use of sultans, chiefs, or other local rulers to govern
their colonies
• Britain
• Could still call on troops if things ever got out of control
o Protectorates-
• Local rulers were left in place but were expected to follow the advice of
the European advisers on issues such as:
• Trade, missionary activity, etc
• Cost less to run than a colony and did not require mass amounts of
military
o Spheres of Influence-
• An area in which an outside power claimed exclusive investment or
trading privileges
• Spheres were made in China and elsewhere to prevent conflicts among
themselves
• Example: U.S. claimed Latin America



Mid-1800s, Britain was the most powerful nation in the
world
Produced more goods than anyone else
British Navy was strongest

Late 1800s  Germany & U.S. began challenging Britain’s
economic leadership

Britain looked to increase its # colonies for markets,
resources, & prestige

Other countries realized the importance colonizing had on
developing their country

Countries that had no large claims set out to acquire them,
following GB’s lead
French
Portugal
Spain
Russia
Belgium
Italy







Race to imperialize grew out of a strong sense of national
pride & from economic competition




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
Define Imperialism
What is direct and indirect rule?
How did governments rule their territories?
What is a Protectorate and Sphere of Influence?
What are the causes for imperialism?
Why was imperialism so successful?