Download 16.3 DNA and Protein Synthesis

DNA & Protein Synthesis
SC.912.L.16.3
When a cell replicates its DNA, what is the first thing
that happens?
A. The original
original DNA
DNAstrand
strandopens
opensatatseveral
severalplaces
places
along
its length.
along its
length.
B. One end of the DNA strand opens and the two
sides pull apart.
C. The DNA strand flattens out so a new double
strand can form on top.
D. Small segments are removed from the original
DNA so they can be copied.
One side of a DNA strand is being replicated to make
a new, complete strand of DNA. The original strand
contains the following base sequence: A-T-T-C-G-C.
What sequence of bases will be in the strand built
from this sequence?
A. A-T-T-C-G-C
B. T-A-A-G-C-G
T-A-A-G-C-G
C. C-G-G-A-T-A
D. U-A-A-C-G-C
At what point during the cell cycle is it most likely
that a mutation involving a single incorrect base
would occur?
A. during prophase of mitosis
B. during metaphase of meiosis
C. during anaphase of meiosis
D. during the
the SS phase
phase of
ofinterphase
interphase
Not all mistakes in copying DNA result in changes to the proteins that
are made from it.
For instance, if a DNA sequence that should result in an mRNA codon
that reads C-C-C is miscopied so that the codon produced reads C-CG, no change will occur. Why is this?
A. As long
long as
as the
the new
newcodon
codonstands
standsfor
forthe
thesame
sameamino
aminoacid
acidasasthe
the
original codon,
codon, there
there will
willbe
beno
nodifference
differenceininthe
theresulting
resultingprotein.
protein.
B. Guanine can be substituted for cytosine in a DNA strand without
changing the meaning of the resulting strand of DNA.
C. A large section of the DNA would have to be deleted or miscopied
before there would be any functional change to the protein
produced.
D. Special enzymes check the sequence of amino acids in a completed
protein and replace any amino acids that are in the wrong place.
Which answer explains why changes like pierced ears or
scars in a mother's body are not passed on to her
children?
A. Piercing her ears or scars only altered the DNA at the
site, not in any of the other cells in her body, so she could
not pass them on.
B. Only changes
changes to
to the
the DNA
DNAin
inher
heregg
eggcells
cellswould
wouldbe
be
passed on to her
her children,
children,not
notchanges
changesto
tothe
therest
restofofher
her
body.
C. Once the mother's scars or ears had healed, the DNA in
those cells was repaired so there would be no changed
DNA to pass on.
D. The chance of the mutated DNA migrating all the way
to her egg cells and getting passed to her children is very
low.
A strand of mRNA has made it to a ribosome in the
cytoplasm and the ribosome has attached to the
correct end of it. What is the next thing that will
happen?
A. The ribosome will fold the mRNA strand so it
becomes a completed protein strand.
B. The complementary bases will pair up with the
mRNA to make a new DNA strand.
C. Amino acids will begin to attach to the correct
codons on the mRNA strand.
D. The correct anticodon
anticodon on
onaatRNA
tRNAmolecule
moleculewill
will
match up with
with the
the first
firstmRNA
mRNAcodon.
codon.
If the genetic code is a code for proteins, how can
organisms have parts made of other types of
biological molecules, such as the carbohydrates that
make up the cell walls of plants?
A. Other molecules such as mRNA hold the code for
creating non-protein molecules within an organism.
B. Carbohydrates are created during photosynthesis
and do not require genetic information or proteins.
C. Enzymes are
are made
made of
of protein
proteinand
andcan
canbe
beused
usedasas
tools to build
build other
other types
typesof
ofmolecules.
molecules.
D. Organisms must take in all of the non-protein
molecules they require from their environment.
Which of the following would most likely cause a
mutation that could be passed on to a person's
children?
A. being exposed
exposed to
to high
highlevels
levelsof
ofradiation
radiationininaa
nuclear power
power plant
plant
B. spending every weekend working outside in the
sun
C. eating a diet high in fiber, whole grains, and fruits
and vegetables
D. drinking large quantities of caffeinated beverages
while pregnant
Genes for medically important proteins can be
cloned and inserted into bacteria, as shown in the
diagram below.
Why can bacteria recognize a human gene and then
produce a human protein?
Why can bacteria recognize a human gene and then
produce a human protein?
A. DNA replication in bacteria and humans is the
same.
B. Bacterial cells contain the same organelles as
human cells.
C. The
Thebasic
basic
components
of DNA
are
theinsame
components
of DNA
are the
same
in
humans
and bacteria.
humans
and bacteria.
D. Bacterial cells and human cells contain the same
kind of chromosomes.
During DNA replication, a DNA strand that has
the bases CTAGGT produces a complimentary
(cDNA) strand with the bases
a. GATCCA
GATCCA
a.
b. TCGAAC
c. AGCTTC
d. GAUCCA
OUT OF 10 QUESTIONS
•
•
•
•
•
1/10 = 10%
2/10 = 20%
3/10 = 30%
4/10 = 40%
5/10 = 50%
•
•
•
•
•
6/10 = 60%
7/10 = 70%
8/10 = 80%
9/10 = 90%
10/10 = 100%