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LAKE WORTH COMMUNITY HIGH SCHOOL 1701 Lake Worth Road Lake Worth, FL 33460 561-533-6300 Subject: AP Environmental Science SY2012-2013 Course #: Instructor: Mr. Predmore Syllabus Description: The goal of the AP Environmental Science course is to provide students with the scientific principles, concepts, and methodologies required to understand the interrelationships of the natural world, to identify and analyze environmental problems both natural and human-made, to evaluate the relative risks associated with these problems, and to examine alternative solutions for resolving or preventing them. Environmental science is interdisciplinary; it embraces a wide variety of topics from different areas of study. Yet there are several major unifying constructs, or themes, that cut across the many topics included in the study of environmental science. Environmental science is interdisciplinary; it embraces a wide variety of topics from different areas of study. Yet there are several major unifying constructs, or themes, that cut across the many topics included in the study of environmental science. The following themes provide a foundation for the structure of the AP Environmental Science course. 1. Science is a process. • Science is a method of learning more about the world. • Science constantly changes the way we understand the world. 2. Energy conversions underlie all ecological processes. • Energy cannot be created; it must come from somewhere. • As energy flows through systems, at each step more of it becomes unusable 3. The Earth itself is one interconnected system. • Natural systems change over time and space. • Biogeochemical systems vary in ability to recover from disturbances. 4. Humans alter natural systems. • Humans have had an impact on the environment for millions of years. • Technology and population growth have enabled humans to increase both the rate and scale of their impact on the environment. 5. Environmental problems have a cultural and social context. • Understanding the role of cultural, social, and economic factors is vital to the development of solutions. 6. Human survival depends on developing practices that will achieve sustainable systems. • A suitable combination of conservation and development is required. • Management of common resources is essential. Teacher Expectations: Course Overview: Students will have the opportunity to learn “the scientific principles, concepts, and methodologies required to understand the interrelationships of the natural world, to identify and analyze environmental problems both natural and man-made, to evaluate the relative risks associated with these problems and to examine alternative solutions for resolving and/or prevent them. “ (From the Course Description for AP Environmental Science) Study Guide to accompany the Text/ web site A one -inch hard cover binder A composition book/graphed A calculator (Cannot use on the exam) A “Want –to-learn” Attitude Grading Policy: Environmental Article Reviews and homework 10% Tests 30% Chapter Reviews, class work, Friday quizzes 20% Lab Participation and Reports 20% Employability 20% Make-up Work/Tests/labs: School Policy states that students may have one day to complete make –up work for each day of an excused absence. Assignments are kept in an assignment notebook and a file for handouts that student may access before or after class. If you are absent for a test or quiz, you need to take it the day you get back. If you have an unexcused absence, you will receive a zero for the work missed. Make-up tests are from 630am-720am and must be scheduled a day in advance. IT IS YOUR JOB TO TAKE CARE OF THESE THINGS!!! NO LATE WORK IS ACCEPTED!!!!! Reading the chapter that we are studying is a “given” even if it is not assigned Communication: You can call or email me if you are absent to get assignments missed. (not the same day it is due!!!! Or the middle of the night!!!!!!!!) Extra help is available during Advisory or after school until 3:00. Each week on Monday a current event is due. Follow the format on the sheet given. It may not be more than 1 month old and must be related to the topic given and be from a reputable source. Complete all assignments. Study for tests and quizzes. Turn in assignments on time. Keep all work. Be attentive and participate in discussions. Be prepared for class. th Text Book: Environment 7 Edition, Raven, Berg & Hassenzahl Student Companion Site: www.wiley.com/college/raven AP Exam: Grading Policy: Grades will consist of scores, gathered from Tests, Quizzes, Homework, Class work, Study Guides, Labs, and Projects. Quizzes will be given randomly and Tests will be given at the end of each Chapter and are cumulative. Materials: 1. Composition book (Graphed) Lab Reports/FRQs( Free Response Questions) Grading Evaluation: Environmental Article Reviews and homework 10% Tests 30% Chapter Reviews, class work, Friday quizzes 20% Lab Participation and Reports 20% Employability 20% Grading Scale: A=90-100% B=80-89% C=70-79% D=60-69% F=59% or below *** Minimum of 2.0 GPA is required club or sport participation. Scope and Sequence: Unit Humans in the Environment Weeks: 2 Labs: Tragedy of the Commons, Ecological footprint, Case Study: Frog Feminization due to Atrazine Exposure Chapters 1, 2 Quiz: Test: Topics Introducing Environmental Science and Sustainability, Environmental Laws, Economics, and Ethics Practice AP Exam The World We Live In Weeks: 4 Labs: Ecosystems Identification, Climatology Graphs, Cats in Borneo, Biomes, Food chains 3,4,5,6,7 FRQ Quiz Quiz Test: A Crowded World Weeks: 3 Labs: Population Pyramids, Population distributions activity. The Search for Energy Weeks: 3 Labs: Nuclear Power Plant, Hydraulic Fracturing presentations, Sustainability Island Groups project, Wind Turbine Blade design. Our Precious Resources Weeks: 6 Activity: Agriculture and farming techniques, Soil Texture Triangle activity, Water Quality of Lake Osborne, South West Florida Water Management Investigative Paper, Land Usage for Sustainability Island. Environmental Concerns Weeks: 6 Field Trip: Waste Management Land Fill PSL plant, Point/nonpoint source pollution lab 8,9,10 FRQ Quiz Test Ecosystems and Energy, Ecosystems and Living Organisms, Ecosystems and the Physical Environment, Major Ecosystems of the World, Human Health and Environmental Toxicology Population Change, The Problems of Overpopulation, The Urban World 11,12,13 FRQ Quiz: Test: Fossil Fuels, Nuclear Energy, Renewable Energy and Conservation 14,15,16,17,18,19 FRQ: Quiz: Quiz: Quiz: Test: Water: A Limited Resource, Soils and Their Preservation, Minerals: A Nonrenewable Resource, Preserving Earth’s Biological Diversity, Land Resources, Food Resources: A Challenge for Agriculture 20,21,22,23,24, FRQ: Quiz: Quiz: Quiz: Test: Air Pollution, Regional and Global Atmospheric Changes, Water Pollution, The Pesticide Dilemma, Solid and Hazardous Wastes Summer Assignment The purpose of this summer assignment is to prepare you for class in a few ways. First, you will begin your yearlong project of becoming a-w-a-r-e of the environment! Second, you will get some really important background information created that will become the basis of much that we will do in APES this coming year. Finally, you will watch a movie and reflect on that movie. Part 1: (40pts) VIDEO REVIEW 1. Watch the movie Home. o It is a great introduction to this course as it covers a wide variety of environmental topics while using a strong narrator (Glenn Close) and lots of aerial views from above. 2. As you watch the video, write down 30 interesting facts you learn from throughout the video (not just from the first 30 minutes!!). o o o Then, write a short essay describing your thoughts on the film. This can include how it made you feel, what surprised you, what made you think, etc. and needn’t be more than a couple paragraphs. Be prepared to discuss the movie during the first week of school CURRENT EVENTS: EVIRONMENTAL ARTICLES Find THREE articles that have been published this summer 2014 (from June-August). • Each article must be about a different environmental issue. o Examples of some environmental issues: chemical contamination, oil spills, pesticides, air pollution, climate change, rainforest deforestation, overpopulation, desertification, coral reef destruction, urban sprawl, introduction of non-native/invasive species, endangered species • Include each article printed from the internet, photocopied from a journal, or cut from a newspaper or magazine. -OR• Create an electronic file, with the article (a hyperlink to the URL) and the summary and reflection and send it to me by the due date • The sources may be scientific publications, popular magazines, newspapers or the like. Try the NY Times (especially Tuesdays), National Geographic, Discover Magazine, as well as the more scholarly Scientific American, Science, Nature, etc. o You may use an online newspaper or journal, as well as “.gov, .edu, or .org” sites as well. Cite your sources properly (MLA or APA) on a reference page at the end of the section. o Remember, maintain your integrity and write your original thoughts! For each article answer the following questions. Please number your articles and answers. 1) Summarize the content in the article in your own words. (“cutting and pasting” from the article is not writing in your own) words!) Focus on the questions below. a. What is the problem? When did it begin? b. Who are the responsible parties, if they are known? c. How severe is the environmental impact? 2) Your reflection &/or reactions to/ on the article a. What are your thoughts on the issue? b. Does it support or refute other information you've heard or read? How so/in what way? Part 2: (40pts) Law Review Summer Assignment Directions: Find the following for each of the laws and/or treaties listed below and put on a notecard. Feel free to hand write or type. You will be quizzed on these laws throughout the school year so coming into the course with these already done will be VERY helpful. 1. Draft Year, International or National 2. Description of Function; Environmental Issues Affected 3. Agency/Group Responsible for Regulation and Enforcement (i.e. United Nations, Department of Interior, EPA, etc.) Clean Air Act Food, Drug, and Cosmetics Acts Clean Water Acts Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation Liability Act Consumer Product Safety Act Hardrock Mining and Reclamation Kyoto Protocol Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species Emergency Planning & Community Right-ToKnow Act Endangered Species Act Energy Policy Act Marine Mammal Protection Act Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act Federal Water Pollution Control Act Fish and Wildlife Conservation Act National Energy Act National Environmental Policy Act Law of the Sea Convention Marine Plastic Pollution Research and Control Act Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act Montreal Protocol Occupational Safety and Health Act Ocean Dumping Ban Act Oil Pollution Act Oil Spill Prevention and Liability Act Pollution Prevention Act Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Safe Drinking Water Act Soil and Water Conservation Act Solid Waste Disposal Act Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act Toxic Substances Control Act Wild and Scenic Rivers Act National Park Act National Wildlife Refuge System Act Food Quality Protection Act Nuclear Waste Policy Act Wilderness Act This can be hand written or typed. Please leave room at the end as we may be adding more as the year progresses. You will your first quiz on these laws the 2nd week of school. Part 3 : (10pts) Prerequisite knowledge and skills You are expected to enter the course with a good understanding of basic scientific and mathematical concepts and skills as well as strong, reading, writing and speaking abilities. Although we will continue to develop these skills throughout the year, your success in the class is also dependent upon what you bring to it at the onset. Over the summer, review the scientific concepts and mathematical calculations below. We will be building upon and referencing them throughout the year. You should be prepared to take a quiz on these skills and concepts during the first week of school. Prerequisite Basic Scientific Concepts: You should be familiar with the following terms/concepts from Biology, Chemistry, and Earth Science: Use note cards for each of the following: Organic vs. Inorganic Photosynthesis (reactants and products) Natural vs. Synthetic Cellular Respiration (reactants and products) Kinetic vs. Potential Energy Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Radioactive decay Adaptation Half life Mutation Law of Conservation of Matter Gene Trait st Chromosome nd 2 Law of Thermodynamics Gene pool Entropy Natural Selection Organism Biodiversity Species Extinction Population Plate Tectonics Community Weathering Ecosystem Climate Change Producers/Autotrophs Rocks vs. Minerals Consumers/Heterotrophs Climate vs. Weather 1 Law of Thermodynamics Decomposers The full name of each of these chemical abbreviations: CO2, CO, C6H12O6, CH4, H2, H2O, N2, NOX, NO3-, NH3, 02, 0 3, P, P0 43-, S, S02, Cl, K, NaCl, Pb, Hg, Rn, U Part 4: (10pts) Prerequisite Basic Mathematical Skills Percentage 17% = 17/100 = .17 - Remember that "percent" literally means divided by 100. - Percentage is a measure of the part of the whole. Or part divided by whole. -15 million is what percentage of the US population? 15 million / 300 million = .05 = 5% - What is 20% of this $15 bill so that I can give a good tip? $15 x .20 = $15 x 20/100 = $3 Rates Rise Run Y2-Y1 X2-X1 slope change time y=mx+b dX dt - All of the above are ways to look at rates. The second equation is the easiest way to calculate a rate, especially from looking at a graph. Rates will often be written using the word "per" followed by a unit of time, such as cases per year, grams per minute or mile per hour. The word per means to divide, so miles per gallon is actually the number miles driven divided by one gallon. - Rates are calculating how much an amount changes in a given amount of time. Scientific Notation Thousand = 103 =1,000 Million = 106 =1,000,000 (people in the US) Billion = 109 =1,000,000,000 (people on Earth) Trillion = 1012 =1,000,000,000,000 (National debt) - When using very large numbers, scientific method is often easiest to manipulate. For example, the US population is 300 million people or 300xl06or 3xl08 - When adding or subtracting, exponents must be the same. Add the numbers in front of the ten and keep the exponent the same. - When multiplying or dividing, multiply or divide the number in front of the ten and add the exponents if multiplying or subtract the exponents if dividing Ex. 9xl06/ 3xl02 = (9/3) x 10(6-2) = 3 x 104 Dimensional Analysis You should be able to convert any unit into any other unit accurately if given the conversion factor. Online tutorials are available: http://www.chemprofessor.com/dimension_text.htm http://www.chem.tamu.edu/class/fyp/mathrev/mr-da.html Prefixes m (milli) c (cent) k (kilo) M (mega) G (giga) T (tera) =1/1000 =1/100 =1000 =1,000,000 =1,000,000,000 =1,000,000,000,000 -2 = 10' =103 =106 =109 =1012 =10-3 Sample Math Problems Be sure you are able to complete the following types of problems. 1) What is one million times one thousand? Show your work in scientific notation. Give the answer in scientific notation and in words. 2) A population of deer had 200 individuals. If the population grows by 15% in one year, how many deer will there be the next year? 3) One year I had 40 AP Environmental Science students and the next year I had 50 Environmental Science students, what percentage did the population of APES students grow by? 4) Electricity costs 6 cents per kilowatt hour. In one month one home uses one megawatt hour of electricity. How much will the electric bill be? (be sure to look at the prefixes chart on the previous page for the conversion of kilo to mega) 5) Your car gets 15 miles to the gallon and your friend's car gets 25 miles to the gallon. You decide to go on a road trip to Virginia Tech, which is 300 miles away. If gas costs $4 per gallon and you decide to split the gas money, how much money will you save in gas by driving your friend's car? 6) Virginia Beach is 10 miles wide and 30 miles long. If one inch of rain falls on Virginia Beach, how many cubic feet of rain fell on Virginia Beach. (Hint: convert all units to feet first). 7) An MP3 takes up about 16 kilobytes of memory per second of music. If you owned a one terabyte hard drive and filled it with only mp3s, how many days worth of music would you have? (keep track of units: kilobytes to terabytes and seconds to days)