Download 6.2, H.5 Hl Transport System Quiz 2014 MS

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a. The pumping of blood is a vital process. Explain te roles of the atria and ventricles in
the pumping of blood. (4)
(a)
1. Atria collect blood from veins via the vena cava and pulmonary vein;
2. The atria collects blood while ventricles are contracting;
3. Atria pump blood into ventricles to ensure ventricles are full;
4. ventricles pump blood into arteries (the aorta and pulmonary artery) and out of the heart;
5. ventricles have thicker muscular walls than the atria, because they pump blood at high pressure
out of the heart
6. Heart valves like the semilunar and atrioventricular (AV) work with atria and ventricles to
keep
blood moving in one direction;
7. left ventricle pumps blood to the body systems and right ventricle pumps
blood to lungs;
Both left and right ventricles with correct function required for
mark to be awarded.
Explain how the structure of an artery allows it to carry out its function efficiently. (5)
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2.
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4.
5.
6.
7.
Arteries have thick wall to withstand high blood pressures/avoid bursting/leaks;
Arteries have many muscle fibres in their wall to help pump blood;
Arteries have many elastic fibres to stretch and pump blood after each heart beat;
Arteries have a narrow lumen to maintain high pressure/because blood flows along
rapidly;
Arteries have a thick outer layer of collagen to give strength/prevent aneurism;
Arteries have no valves as pressure is high enough to prevent backflow;
Arteries have an endothelium/smooth inner lining to reduce friction;
5 max
c.
1. plasma/water;
2. dissolved gases / CO2 / O2;
3. erythrocytes / red blood cells;
4. leucocytes / white blood cells;
5. lymphocytes and phagocytes;
platelets;
6. hormones / named hormone(s);
7. amino acids / albumin / antibodies;
8. salts / minerals / ions other named solute in plasma apart from
glucose,
9. urea and plasma proteins;
12.
5 max
(a)
1. for both men and women a decrease is seen at the lowest alcohol intake
followed by an
increase;
2. the level of CRP is higher in women than in men over the range of
alcohol consumption / as
the intake increases the difference between
men and women increases, the CRP increase
being greater in women;
1 max
(b)
1. drinking small amounts of alcohol seems to reduce the level of all
markers / drinking
none and/or high amounts of alcohol has higher
levels of markers than moderate
amount;
2. the effect of small amounts of alcohol is less in women than in men /
the effect of large
amounts of alcohol is greater in women than in men /
women should consume less
than men;
3. other effects of alcohol consumption are not measured;
4. other factors increasing risk of CVD are not measured;
5. the type of alcohol is not stated / the active factor in the drink is not seen; 3 max
(c)
CRP shows the decrease in risk for low amounts of alcohol then increases
above the
baseline for higher amounts
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(d)
1. high blood pressure damages endothelial wall;
2. WBC/macrophages build up cholesterol;
3. plaque hardens arterial wall / blocks lumen / artery blocked by
depositions in wall;
4. wall rough;
5. clots form;
2 max
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