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Number of Questions: 25
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Chapter 8 Practice Multiple Choice (PMC)
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
SECTION INTRODUCTION ESSAY
____ 1. Flying foxes are now listed as endangered because
a. they congregate and are easy targets.
b. they are hunted.
c. of deforestation.
d. of all of these answers.
____ 2. Flying
a.
b.
c.
d.
foxes are recognized as a
thriving species.
alien species.
native species.
keystone species.
SECTION 8-1 COMMUNITY STRUCTURE: APPEARANCE AND SPECIES DIVERSITY
____ 3. Based on the theory of island biogeography, you would predict that large islands near the
mainland would have relatively
a. high immigration and low extinction rates.
b. high immigration and high extinction rates.
c. low immigration and low extinction rates.
d. low immigration and high extinction rates.
SECTION 8-2 GENERAL TYPES OF SPECIES
____ 4. An organism is classified as a specialist or generalist based on
a. its range of tolerance.
b. its niche.
c. its limiting factors.
d. all of these answers.
____ 5. Which
a.
b.
c.
d.
____ 6. Which
a.
b.
c.
d.
of the following is a specialist?
cockroach
fly
human
giant panda
of the following statements about amphibians is false?
The oldest of today's amphibians were living as long as 150 million years ago.
Amphibians are important indicator species.
Amphibians are experiencing sharp population declines in a variety of habitats.
Amphibians eat many insects, second in number only to birds.
____ 7. Birds and trout make good
a. nonnative species.
b. native species.
c. keystone species.
d. indicator species.
SECTION 8-3 SPECIES INTERACTIONS: COMPETITION AND PREDATION
____ 8. Which of the following statements is false?
a. When environmental conditions are changing rapidly, a generalist is usually better off
than a specialist.
b. The fundamental niche of a species is the full range of physical, chemical, and biological
factors it could use if there were no competition.
c. The competitive exclusion principle states that no two species with the same
fundamental niche can indefinitely occupy the same habitat.
d. Interspecific competition is competition between two members of the same species.
____ 9. A new kitten is added to a home with an established older cat. The older cat is observed to
gobble up its food as well as that of the younger cat. This behavior is best described as
a. interference competition.
b. exploitation competition.
c. mutualism.
d. predation.
SECTION 8-4 SYMBIOTIC SPECIES INTERACTIONS: PARASITISM, MUTUALISM
____ 10. Of the following relationships, the one most likely to be described as a positive feedback loop
is
a. competition.
b. predation.
c. mutualism.
d. parasitism.
____ 11. The win-win relationship of animal behavior is
a. competition.
b. predation.
c. mutualism.
d. parasitism.
____ 12. All of the following are ectoparasites except
a. fleas and ticks.
b. mosquitoes.
c. mistletoe.
d. tapeworms.
____ 13. All of the following illustrate the relationship of mutualism except
a. lichens.
b. epiphytes.
c. ants and acacias.
d. Rhizobium bacteria in root nodules of legumes.
____ 14. The relationship between redwood trees and redwood sorrel is
a. competition.
b. predation.
c. parasitism.
d. commensalism.
____ 15. Forms of nondestructive behavior between organisms include all of the following except
a. sharing resources by hunting at different times.
b. sharing resources by looking for food in different places.
c. parasitism.
d. mutualism.
SECTION 8-5 ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION: COMMUNITIES IN TRANSITION
____ 16. How long does it take natural processes to produce fertile soil?
a. weeks to months
b. months to years
c. decades to a few centuries
d. several centuries to several thousands of years
____ 17. Which of the following would exhibit primary succession?
a. rock exposed by a retreating glacier
b. an abandoned farm
c. a forest that had been clear-cut
d. newly flooded land to create a reservoir
____ 18. Which of the following would undergo secondary succession?
a. cooled volcanic lava
b. an abandoned parking lot
c. a heavily polluted stream that has been cleaned up
d. a bare rock outcrop
____ 19. A field ecologist observes primary succession occurring over a period of years. Bare rock is
colonized by lichens that give way to moss that give way to ferns. She is most likely to
report that the process guiding succession in this ecosystem is
a. interspecific competition.
b. tolerance.
c. facilitation.
d. inhibition.
____ 20. Ecologists would consider all of the following to be natural disturbances except
a. droughts.
b. floods.
c. deforestation.
d. fires.
____ 21. All of the following are fire-maintained communities except
a. giant sequoia forests.
b. temperate grasslands.
c. chaparral.
d. oak-hickory forests.
____ 22. Consequences of fire suppression may include
a. buildup of large quantities of highly flammable undergrowth.
b. the development of an entirely different ecosystem.
c. the fires that do occur may be more severe than the ones suppressed.
d. all of these answers.
____ 23. Which of the following human-caused changes is most appropriately classified as a
catastrophic change rather than a gradual change?
a. salinization
b. plowing
c. waterlogging
d. compaction
____ 24. Which of the following human activities most favor monocultures?
a. agriculture and plantation forestry
b. agriculture and ecosystem restoration
c. plantation forestry and ecosystem restoration
d. agriculture and ecosystem rehabilitation
SECTION 8-6 ECOLOGICAL STABILITY, AND SUSTAINABILITY
____ 25. The ability of a population to maintain a certain size is known as
a. stability.
b. inertia.
c. constancy.
d. resilience.