Download CEMISTRY of CELLS

CHEMISTRY of CELLS
Cells and Water
From foukeffa.org
Written by David Wilson
Uintah High School
GA Ag Ed Curriculum Office
To accompany the Georgia Agriculture Education
Curriculum Lesson 02471-18
July 2002
August 2008
UNIT OBJECTIVES
• 1. Identify the major elements and
macromolecules found in living things.
• 2. Compare the properties and structure of
atoms found in living things.
• 3. Illustrate and explain how small
molecules combine to form large
molecules.
• 4. Explain the role proteins play in cell
structure and function.
August 2008
Objectives Continued
• 5. Hypothesize the relationship between
the properties of water to life’s processes.
• 6. Design and conduct an experiment that
demonstrates the importance of water.
• 7. Explain how water affects agriculture.
• 8. Compare and contrast how plants and
animals acquire and conserve water in a
cell.
August 2008
Important Terms
• Matter – anything that has mass and
volume.
• Atom – smallest particle that can exist and
still be recognized as a certain kind of
matter.
• Element – matter that is made of only one
kind of atom.
• Compound – matter that is made of more
than one kind of element, i.e.: water
August 2008
Elements Essential for Life
• Plants:
• MAJOR ELEMENTS:
• Carbon (C), Nitrogen
(N), Hydrogen (H),
Oxygen (O),
Phosphorus (P),
Potassium (K),
Calcium (Ca),
Magnesium (Mg),
Sulfur (S)
August 2008
• Plant:
• MINOR ELEMENTS:
• Boron (B), Copper
(Cu), Chlorine, Iron
(Fe), Manganese
(Mn), Molybdenum
(Mo), Zinc (Zn)
Elements essential for Animals
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
August 2008
Calcium (Ca)
Sodium (Na)
Phosphorus (P)
Chlorine (Cl)
Potassium (K)
Sulfur (S)
Iron (Fe)
Iodine (I)
Cobalt (Co)
Copper (Cu)
Fluorine (F)
Manganese (Mn)
Molybdenum (Mo)
Selenium (Se)
Zinc (Zn)
MACROMOLECULES
• Carbohydrates – organic compounds that
living things use to get their energy.
Composed of C, H, and O. Their bonds
store energy.
• Lipids – organic compounds used by
organisms to get energy when
carbohydrates are not available, i.e.: fats,
oils, and waxes. Not soluble in water.
August 2008
Macromolecules continued
• Protein – organic compounds used for
building body parts. Composed of long
chains of amino acids. 20 kinds of amino
acids used in all living things. They also
act as enzymes.
• Nucleic acids – proteins and CH2O can be
used to form nucleic acids. Control the
activities of the cell. Two types – DNA and
RNA. Nucleotides are subunits of DNA &
RNA.
August 2008
Proteins and Cell Structure
• Cell structure
1. Cell membrane contains protein molecules.
2. Protein molecules help substances move into
and out of the cell.
Function
1. Produced on ribosome's.
2. Used to build body parts and cell membranes
3. Used in formation of nucleic acids.
August 2008
Importance of Water
• Living things are made of many different atoms
that are organized into thousands of different
compounds. Most of the compounds that make
up living things contain carbon. However,
organisms also contain water, a compound that
does not contain carbon.
• Approximately 70% of body mass is water.
• Water acts as a transport system for nutrients
and wastes.
• Compounds that dissolve in water form
solutions.
August 2008
Properties of Water
• Cohesion – the polarity of water molecules
causes them to cling to one another like
magnets. Water flowing from a faucet.
• Adhesion – water molecules that are
attracted to another surface. i.e.: water
droplets stick to your skin after a shower.
August 2008
August 2008
August 2008