Download BIO Ch 4 NOTES Abbreviated

Name________________________________
CHAPTER 4 NOTES PACKET
Date______________
4.1 THE NERVOUS SYSTEM RESPONDS AND CONTROLS
A) Our _____________________ help monitor the environment to maintain homeostasis.
1) Our eyes collect, bend and ____________________ light into an image.
a) Light is bent onto
the
_______________
and passes through
the pupil.
b) Light then enters the
lens, which is
connected by
_______________
so it can move to
focus on an image.
c) The light forms an upside down image on the _________________
and nerves send the image to the brain, which turns it right side up!
i. Within the retina are ___________, which detect grey and dark
for night vision and cones, which detect bright light and color
for daytime.
2) Ears perceive sound waves, which are produced by _____________________.
a) Sound vibrates
through the
______________.
b) The vibrations
are sent through
bones called the
hammer, anvil
and stirrup to the
inner ear.
c) Cells in the cochlea detect the vibrations and send the message to the
brain.
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3) Sensory receptors in the skin detect pressure, texture, ________________ and
temperature.
4) Your nose processes _______________________ information in the back of
your nose with hair like fibers, which are covered in mucus.
5) Taste buds on the tongue perceive chemicals in food.
B) The brain and ____________________________________ make up the central
nervous system, which controls functions.
1) Electrical signals are sent from 100 billion nerve cells called ______________
and travel as fast as 90 meters/second.
2) Every area of the brain has a specific function, which is a ________________
of involuntary response.
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3) The spinal cord is ____________ cm long and weighs 35-40grams; 31 pairs of
nerves are connected to it, which sends information to the brain.
a) The spinal cord is the main pathway for ________________________
and is protected and supported by our vertebra column.
C) The peripheral nervous system is a network of both _______________________ and
motor nerves.
1) The autonomic nervous system conserves and stores ____________________
and responds to change, such as with digestion, breathing and heartbeats and
is involuntary.
a) Also works with the “Fight or Flight Response,” meaning your body
must respond quickly to fight the danger or take flight and run.
2) The voluntary nervous system monitors ____________________________
and functions
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4.2 THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM HELPS REGULATE BODY CONDITIONS
A) The endocrine system controls _____________________________ conditions by
making and sending chemicals from one area to another.
1) __________________ are chemicals with signals for activity that are made in
one organ that travel through the blood to another organ.
a) There are various types of hormones from growth to adrenaline, which
regulate mood, growth, development, tissue functions and metabolism.
B) Glands produce hormones and _________________ them into the circulatory system.
1) The _______________gland is the director of the endocrine system and is the
size of a pea.
a) This gland produces hormones for growth, maintains ______________
sexual development and water absorption by the kidneys
2) The hypothalamus ________________the pituitary gland and is the size of an
almond.
a) It links the nervous system to the endocrine system.
3) The pineal gland regulates ___________ by producing melatonin, body
temperature, reproduction and aging and is also the size of a pea.
4) The thyroid gland is the _____________ gland in the body and produces
growth and metabolism hormones. It also produces calcitonin, which helps to
regulate calcium in the body.
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5) The __________________ helps the body fight disease, by controlling
production of white blood cells or T-Cells.
6) The adrenal glands, located at the top of the _________________, produce
about 30 hormones that regulate metabolism, water/salt levels, immunity fight
infection or allergies and response to stress.
7) The pancreas produces _______________, which regulates glucose levels in
the blood.
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