Download Present and Future Active Indicative - Ch 3

Present & Future Active
Indicative
Chapter 3
Present Active Indicative of luvw
Singular
Plural
lu,w
lu,eij
lu,ei
I Loose
You Loose
He Looses
lu,omen
lu,ete
lu,ousi(n)
We Loose
Ya’ll Loose
They Loose
Primary Active endings
1s
2s
3s
1p
2p
3p
-w
-eiV
-ei
-omen
-ete
-ousi(n)
Present Active Indicative
Present tense stem +
Connecting Vowel + Primary
active personal endings
lu + o + men = luvomen
Greek Verbs
• Stem: This is the part of the verb
that carries the basic meaning.
• Connecting vowel: Greek verbs
sometimes need a vowel after the
stem to aid in the pronunciation of
the word.
• Personal endings: Suffixes added
to the end of the verb indicating
person and number
Parsing
•Parsing: the breaking down of the
verb and denoting of:
–Tense
–Voice
–Mood
–Person
–Number
–Lexical form (For verbs, this will be the
1st person singular, present indicative.)
–Definition of inflected form.
Keep Parsing of Nouns and Verbs
Straight
• Verbs do not have case or gender;
nouns do not have person.
– Nouns
• Case, gender, number
– Verbs
• Tense, voice, mood, person and
number
Greek Verbs- Tense
•Aspect: This can be either
continuous or undefined.
–Aspect ALWAYS takes
precedence over time
•Time: Present tense generally
indicates an action occurring in
the present tense.
Verbs & Personal Pronouns
• It is not usually necessary to provide
the personal pronoun as the subject of a
verb because the verb ending indicates
the personal pronoun subject of the verb.
–Reasons for including the personal
pronoun are twofold:
•Emphasis.
•Gender.
For example . . .
lu,ei can be translated he, she, or it
looses. Gender is specified by
context or the addition of a personal
pronoun.
Note: Unless specified, it is typical to simply use the
masculine pronoun in translation.
The Use of the Future Tense
• The future is formed by adding a sigma to
the end of the future tense stem (lu,sw).
Future tense stem + s +
Connecting Vowel + Primary
active personal endings
lu + s + o + men = luvsomen
Present Tense
Active
Sng
Pl
lu,w
lu,eij
lu,ei
lu,omen
lu,ete
lu,ousin
Future
Active
lu,sw
lu,seij
lu,sei
lu,somen
lusete
lu,sousin
Amalgamation
p, b, f + s form y
k, g, c + s form x
t, d, q drop out before s
Funny Futures
Root word
Instead of
It becomes
blepw
e;cw
peivqw
blepsw
e;csw
peivqsw
bleyw
e;xw
peivsw
Special Futures
[Pay attention to verb stem]
Pre Act Ind Verb Stem
khrussw
baptizw
khruk
baptid
It becomes
khruvxw
baptivsw
The Use of the Future Tense
• Both English and Greek use the future tense
to predict or describe an action that will take
place in the future.
• But Greek also uses the future tense to form
commands – particularly when the NT is
quoting the OT.
– o` de. e;fh auvtw/|( VAgaph,seij ku,rion to.n qeo,n sou evn o[lh| th/|
kardi,a| sou kai. evn o[lh| th/| yuch/| sou kai. evn o[lh| th/| dianoi,a|
sou\ (Matt 22:37).
– And He said to him, “You shall love the LORD
your God with all your heart, and with all your
soul, and with all your mind.” (Matthew 22:37)
Tings tou Consider
In the Future Tense, as in the
Present Tense, the aspect (kind of
action) depicted must be discerned
from the context.
So, the present may depict the simple
present (simple present, e.g., I loose),
an ongoing action in the present
(progressive present, e.g., I am
loosing), or a past action as if it is in the
present (historical present, e.g., He
comes to him, and then . . .).
The future may be predictive (e.g., I
will loose), imperatival (e.g., You will
loose), or gnomic (e.g., A person will
drink water . . .) indicating that this is
what should be expected under normal
conditions.
Funny Futures
Root word
Instead of
It becomes
avgapa,w
lale,w
plhro,w
poie,w
avgapa,sw
lale,sw
plhro,sw
poie,sw
avgaph,sw
lalh,sw
plhrw,sw
poih,sw
Vowel changes in Future Tense
a and e lengthen to h
o lengthens to w