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Earth and Space Science General Science, Academic, Grade 9 Big Ideas • Different types of celestial objects in the solar system and universe have distinct properties that can be investigated and quantified • People use observational evidence of the properties of the solar system and the universe to develop theories to explain their formation and evolution. • Space exploration has generated valuable knowledge but at enormous cost Overall Expectations • Assess some of the costs, hazards, and benefits of space exploration and the contributions of Canadians to space research and technology • Investigate the characteristics and properties of a variety of celestial objects visible from Earth in the night sky • Demonstrate an understanding of the major scientific theories about the structure, formation, and evolution of the universe and its components and of the evidence that supports these theories DAY 1 DAY 2 DAY 3 DAY 4 DAY 5 Ancient Astronomy In the Night Sky: Constellations The Solar System *Planet Bio project Assigned The Earth’s Journey around the Sun: Tilt & Seasons Our companion The Moon: Phases & Tides DAY 6 DAY 7 DAY 8 DAY 9 DAY 10 The Others: Asteroids, Meteors & Comets. Crater Formation Lab The Sun & Its Structure. The Birth, Life and Death of a Star *Spectral Lines Gizmo Lab Planet Bio Presentation DAY 11 DAY 12 DAY 13 DAY 14 DAY 15 Quiz (Day 1-7) Space Tech. *STSE Project Assigned The Galaxy The Universe Unsolved Mysteries DAY 16 DAY 17 DAY 18 DAY 19 DAY 20 (Quiz Day 8-15) STSE Work Period Review Review *STSE project due UNIT TEST Investigate the Brightness of Stars STSE Work Period Applications: Space Tech in our lives Misconceptions Question 1: What causes the earth to experience different seasons? a) The position of the moon relative to the sun and the earth b) The earth’s distance from the sun c) The tilt of the earth’s axis d) The sun spot cycle Correction strategy: Flashlight Inquiry Lab Question 2: Which of the following statements is true? a) We always see only one face of the moon throughout the entire year b) It takes the moon 30 days to make 1 full orbit around the earth c) The moon doesn’t rotate on an axis d) None of the above Correction strategy: synchronous rotation demonstration Question 3: What is a constellation? a) a group of stars that resemble a recognizable shape b) Stars that form patterns in the sky c) Celestial bodies that resemble a Greek mythological figure d) A defined area in the celestial sphere Correction Strategy: update textbooks and stay up-to-date with new research Question 4: If the sun was the size of a basketball, how far away would the earth have to be? a) b) c) d) 10 feet away 30 feet away 50 feet away 90 feet away Misconception • Students have a false perception of how close the planets are to each other • There is A LOT of space in between the planets • Many of the diagrams of the solar system are not drawn to scale Correction Strategy: Visual illustration of the real distance between planets • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=97Ob0xR0 Ut8 • Real Scale of solar system in UTS hallway Question 5: Can we look into the past? a) Yes b) No c) Maybe It takes 8 minutes for the light from the sun to reach the earth Unresolved Mysteries • Dark Matter: Scientists noted while observing the Andromeda galaxy that the stars orbit the centre of the gravity much faster than predicted by the galaxy’s mass. 90% of the galaxy’s mass comes from something that emits no light. • Dark Energy: After the Big Bang, the Universe’s expansion should have slowed down due to gravity, yet Supernovae light intensity studies show it has in fact accelerated. There is a mysterious anti-gravity force at work. STSE topics Better technology or social justice? • Cost – 1 billion dollars invested into NASA each year • Benefit – Better radiation protection equipment, more powerful robots and computers, antibacterial water filters, broadcasting and internet, GPS • Private companies collect all profits from tech Space Junk • Who is responsible for protecting from spacelittering? • Technologies to capture space junk or force it to fall back to earth are expensive. • Accumulating space junk is becoming a collision risk affecting the path of current space-missions. The Next Frontier: The 2020 Moon Base • NASA intends to return to the Moon by 2020, establish a base there and use it as a launching pad for other space missions (eg. Mars). – Who owns space and its various celestial bodies? – Who has the right to use its resources? – How should space be used? Waste disposal area? Source of resources? New home? The US Strategic Defense Initiative: Dubbed the “Star Wars” project • Should space be home to missiles and antimissiles? • Should space be a theatre of war? • Who should control space? Safety Advice • In Classroom Safety – Ensure that during investigations with light students are not shining strong or harmful light sources into each others eyes. – Hardware and technology used for some lessons tend s to be rare and expensive and should be handled with care. • Observation Safety – Observing the sun with the naked eye, and especially observing the sun during partial eclipses can damage retinal cells leading to temporary and (sometimes) full blindness. Observing by projection is always a better idea. – Students may be asked to do star observation during the evening hours. Advise students that any such observations that require them to leave the home in the evening should be accompanied by a parent, guardian or responsible adult. References ED Quest • Provides resources for grades 7-9 Science teaching (Academic and Applied Level). Includes Class Notes, Teacher Notes, a Topic Summary for Each Unit, Concept Map and a Review booklet to use. Also includes Unit Plans (may need some re-adjusting, appear to be aimed at the Alberta Curriculum). Further resources available to paying members. • Website: http://www.edquest.ca/ Learning Star Constellations • A resource from the University of Massachusetts with a series of illustrated exercises teaching about the stars to look for, when trying to identify constellations visible from middle northern altitudes. • Website: http://www.astro.umass.edu/~arny/constel/le arn_const.html NASA: Solar System Exploration • A section in NASA's website dedicated to exploring the members of the solar system, from planets and dwarfs, to asteroids and comets, the website provides stats for each object, 3D exploratory simulation for some objects, and highlights ongoing and upcoming missions targeting each location. • Website: http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/index.cfm Kid Astronomy • A kid-friendly website with a dynamic applet allowing kids to target various members of the solar system and get a well written story on the basic facts. Some good illustrations to explain certain ideas and properties. The website is adpowered with ads appearing on the side (but most appear to be family friendly and/or educationally related). • Website: http://www.kidsastronomy.com/solar_system.ht m The Space Review • A website dedicated to articles about Science, Technology and Controversy of space program undertakings and exploration. A good first stop for STSE assignment ideas. Links back to three more sites each concerned with up-tothe minute space news, space politics, and space entrepreneurialism. • Website: http://www.thespacereview.com/index.html Khan Academy • A collection of short, easy to understand video explanations concerning primarily topics in Math and Sciences. To be used either as a student resource for clarification, or as a source of videos to support and enhance lesson delivery. • Website: http://www.khanacademy.org/ New York Times Lesson Plans • Full lesson plans with differentiated instruction ideas, activities, demonstrations, videos, and links to current news stories – http://learning.blogs.nytimes.com/2001/08/14/w hat-a-cosmic-web-we-weave/ – http://learning.blogs.nytimes.com/1999/08/10/lo ok-on-the-bright-side/ – http://learning.blogs.nytimes.com/1998/11/17/co nstellation-prizes/ Apple Space Applications • GoSkyWatch Planetarium – Telescope simulator that allows the user to navigate through the constellations seen in the sky view of your location – http://www.gosoftworks.com/GoSkyWatch/GoSkyWa tch.html • Skyview free – Telescope simulator that tracks the position of the sun and the moon in real time – http://itunes.apple.com/ca/app/skyview-free-exploreuniverse/id413936865?mt=8