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WATER-THE BLU GOLD WHAT YOU WASTE IT’S WHAT I NEED WATER IS THE ELEXIR OF LIFE. IF TAKEN IN SUFFICENT QUANTITY, IS DETERMINANT FOR OUR WELFARE, JUST THINK THAT THE HUMAN BODY CONSISTS OF 65% OF WATER AND THE BRAIN BY 80%. WATER IS THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE OF LIFE FOR ANY LIVING ORNANISM AND NOTING CAN REPLACE IT. Worldwide thirty thousand people a day are dying for lack of water The water resource is a major emergency in many parts of the world: every day 30,000 people die of causes related to lack of water or its poor quality The water resource in the world: uneven distribution of goods essential for life Fresh water is a resource on this planet but highly unequally distributed , depending on climatic conditions and topography of the various regions. In fairly large areas of land , water is scarce or of low quality: this is the situation in those countries that do not have financial and technological resources able to satisfy this need for each individual. In these cases it would require the purification of water bacteriologically impure, but some states, although in the focus of major river systems, (Brazil, Congo etc.) do not have the infrastructures that will lead the water where there is demaned. Each source of water is an option for the life of animals and plants. Access to drinking water is still a privilege, there are substantial disparities between Europe, North America, Japan, Austalia and the rest of the world. Water is a precious resource, but it can turn into a vector of diseases and infections. It was estimated, however, that about one billion and 800 million people have access to a water quality impure, contaminated by bacteria of typhoid, cholera etc. The WHO (World Health Organization) today has stressed an increase in deaths from dysentery, diarrhea in infants, disease practically non-existent in our country. Water is also the originator of the "Malaria is a serious problem in extensive areas of the globe because the areas acquitrinose provide optimal habitat for the reproduction of the Anopheles mosquito" which, especially in inland areas of inter-country, has the perspective of the origin of malaria. The growing urbanization has occurred in developing countries has also led to an increase in infections due to "interference" between drinking water and polluted water. Children are at risk for the greater need of liquid required by their body.At any moment of our lives, water is, however, an essential element in contributing to the performance of functions such as temperature control, digestion, intestinal function etc. In many countries, advanced researches are trying to better the quality of water. Diseases carried by water Infection by pathogenic microorganisms Infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria, viruses, protozoa and parasites are among the most 'common and widespread health risks caused by drinking. People come into contact with these microorganisms through contaminated drinking water, drops of water, and the aerosol..etc. Some pathogenic micro-organisms carried by water can cause serious illness or death. Some examples are from typhoid fever, cholera and hepatitis A and E, legionella. Developing countries In developing countries, disease carried by water are a major problem. In many of these countries there aren’t medicines to treat sick people, and the vaccination is usually very limited. During wars and natural disasters,many people are infected with diseases carried by water,they spread easily because water treatment and sewage systems no longer work or are obsolete. Lack of access to clean drinking water Worldwide, 1.2 billion people lack access to sources of clean drinking water and 2.4 billion are without proper sanitation system. Every year 5 million people die from diseases carried by water Figure 2: The number of diseases carried by water in the United States from 1971 to 1992 Diseases linked to the recruitment of food and drink In some countries, particularly those in developing sources of water supply systems and disposal of solid and liquid waste are not sufficiently secure, so it is possible that with food and drinks can be infectious diseases whose main manifestation is diarrhea. The most common diseases HEPATITIS A Acute viral disease that is transmitted by fecal-gold through the ingestion of food or water contaminated by infected feces. The virus, once entered into, it reaches the liver where it multiplies. The disease manifests itself after an incubator for 3-5 weeks, with fever, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and then compare the jaundice (yellowing of the eyes and skin). E 'in the whole world, the risk is limited in Western Europe, Canada, United States, Japan, Australia and New Zealand. Prevention is based on monitoring of food. CHOLERA Cholera is an infectious disease caused by a bacterium, the Vibrio cholerae, which is contracted through the intake of foods and drinks contaminated with feces of sick persons. The incubation period is, on average, for 1-3 days. I vibrions once penetrated the body, reach the small intestine where they multiply and release a powerful toxin that prevents the absorption of water and electrolytes from the intestinal wall. It follows the typical manifestation of the disease which is a massive watery diarrhea that can last for a week, accompanied by vomiting and abdominal pain. The loss of water and salts leads to rapid dehydration with circulatory and renal insufficiency and mental torpor, and if nothing is done Amoebiasis Infectious disease caused by food and drinks contaminated with cysts of Entamoeba histolitica, eliminated with the faeces from infected individuals. The cysts are located and develop the intestine, causing diarrhea (sometimes with blood and mucus), abdominal pain, fever, pain in the liver. It spreads in all countries with a low level of health conditions, particularly in Mexico and Central America, South-East Asia, in the states of the Persian Gulf. Because there is no vaccine is essential to control the food and hygiene standards. Typhoid fever It 'an infection caused by bacteria of the genus Salmonella transmitted through ingestion of contaminated food and drinks. The disease manifests itself after an incubator for about 10-14 days, with fever, which increases gradually up to values of 40-41 ° C, headache, impairment of the general statement, appearance of spots on the skin of the chest and skin and the with acute gastroenteritis. The disease is present worldwide, but especially in countries with sanitary situation of low level. For prophylaxis there are two types of vaccine GIARDIASIS Disease in oro-faecal caused by ingestion of cysts of Giardia lamblia with food and especially with the water. It is characterized by watery diarrhea with abdominal pain. This disease occurs in all countries with poor control of the sanitary situation. Prevention is the control of food and water. The boiling is able to destroy the cyst. POLIOMYELITIS Viral disease that is transmitted by fecal-gold as a result of ingestion of food or water contaminated by infected feces. Incubation is 7-14 days and the disease presents with fever, and interest meningeo flaccid paralysis of the muscles, particularly of the limbs. It’s fond in countries with poor sanitary, in particular, is endemic in Africa, Oceania (excluding Australia and New Zealand) and Asia (excluding Japan, North Korea and South). There are two types of vaccine. An oral vaccine (Sabin), consists of live attenuated viruses, which gives high protection. It uses up to 12 years and is contraindicated in pregnancy, and immune deficiencies in adults. The duration of immunity is permanent. The second vaccine (Salk enhanced) is killed by the virus and is administered by ELMINTIASI Group of intestinal infections from ingestion of certain foods contaminated with the eggs of these parasites. Among the elmintiasi there is: the tapeworm, the ascaridi, the ossiuri, the distomatosi, and others. They are diseases that can be contracted throughout the world. For prophylaxis is important the cooking of foods, control of water and personal hygiene. DRACUNCULOSI Disease caused to skin with contaminated water, a small crustacean, which spreads the worm responsible for the disease reaching the skin causing blisters and ulcerations. The disease occurs in Africa, Asia and South America. Prophylaxis is based on monitoring of the water. The only patient care is the extraction of worm from the skin. Life cycle of Dracunculus medinensis LEGIONELLA Legionella is a widespread disease which may develop where there are rivers, lakes, springs, groundwater and wet lands. Legionella penetrates through the human respiratory tract. The risk to get this desease dependes on the microrganism, the guest and characteristics of the water.