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THE ROMANTIC PERIOD (1820-1900) Definitions: Terms (A – X) _C_ Instrumental music endowed with literary or pictorial associations; indicated by title or explanatory “program” notes supplied by the composer. A) Program Symphony _X__ German term for total artwork, a synthesis of all the arts, term coined by Richard Wagner in his late operas. B) Concert Overture _M__ A night piece, meant to portray the many moods of night.. C) Program music _Q__ A one movement work, sonata form, that precedes a play or opera, the music often foretells the essential dramatic events that will follow in the drama. D) Incidental music _N__ A musical motive associated with a person, thing, idea, or symbol in the drama (a guiding, or leading motive). E) Étude _T__ Music that incorporates folk elements of a composer’s particular homeland. F) Character piece _D__ A type of program music written to accompany a dramatic work (a play) G) Miniatures _S__ In performance the meter is handled flexibly; the meter may waiver – a strict accompaniment while the melody is slightly out to phase with it (literally: robbed time) H) Chromaticism _P__ Music that incorporates elements or styles from foreign lands, and expression of music from other nations. J) Lied, Lieder _G__ Music lasting only a few minutes, songs, short piano pieces. K) Absolute music _A__ An orchestral work with multiple movements with a literary program, a “symphony” that tells a story. L) Thematic transformation _J__ German word for song with characteristic accompaniment, poetry and mood, a collection or group of songs. M) Nocturne _F__ A short piece (piano piece) that portrays a particular mood. N) Leitmotiv _L__ A variation like procedure whereby short themes are freely varied. O) Symphonic poem _B__ A single movement concert piece for orchestra, based on a literary idea, not meant to precede an opera or play. P) Exoticism _K__ “Pure” music lacking literary or pictorial associations. Q) Overture _E__ A piece of music designed to aid technical study and improve skill. S) Rubato _O__ A one movement orchestral form that develops a poetic idea, suggests a scene, or creates a mood, freer in form or structure, also known as a “tone poem”. T) Nationalism _H__ A style that literally uses the twelve half steps between the octave, music that moves in half step intervals. X) Gesamtkunstwerk ***** Match the following terms related to Lied and Lieder _C__ Modified strophic (A) song form composed from beginning to end without repetitions of whole sections, the music follows the story line changing with each stanza according to the text. _A__ Though Composed (B) The same melody is repeated with every stanza, or strophes of the poem _D__ Song Cycle (C) a combination of the other two forms, melody is repeated for two of three of the stanzas, new material introduced when the poem requires it _B__ Strophic form D) A group or collection of Lieder (German Art song – Lied) are unified by a descriptive or narrative theme 2 Musical terms of the Modern Era (1900 – ) pg. 319 – 424 Glossary (page 437-444) The Modern Era (1900 – 2012) pg. 318 – 404 Glossary (page 445-455) – Google/Wikipedia etc. Match the following: (mostly from the early part of the 20th century) _K_ Impressionism A) music without tonality, music without a key center. _O__ whole tone scale B) two or more rhythms (rhythmic patterns) at once. _G__ pentatonic scale C) Music composed of natural sounds recorded electronically. _C__ musique concrète D) art that expresses the most extreme human feelings... Anguish. _M__ parallel motion E) Music elements: pitch, timbre, or dynamics come in a fixed series. _N__ quarter tone scale F) two or more meters at once . _D__ Expressionism G) a scale that features only five notes within each octave. _P__ polychord H) a vocal style in between singing and speaking. _L__ octatonic scale J) a musical figure (rhythm, motive) that is repeated again and again. _F__ polymeters K) a non representational art form in painting and in music, to create the impression the object produced on the senses. _B__ polyrhythms L) a scale that alternates whole and half steps fitting eight pitches into the octave. _E__ serial music M) when all parts move together, locked in step, in the same direction _A__ atonal music N) a scale of “microtones” fitting 24 pitches within an octave. _J__ ostinato O) a scale dividing the octave into 6 equal tones-each a whole step apart. _H__ Sprechstimme P) new dissonance by stacking one triad or seventh chord upon another. Match the following: (from other styles and the latter half of the 20th Century to present day) _B__ Spiritual A) a mixture of jazz and rock cultivated in the 1970s. _K__ Chance (aleatoric) music B) a religious folk song, origins in the African-American communities. _N__ Neo-Classicism C) a dance band that emerged in the 1930s playing a style called Swing. _L__ Electronic music D) a form of music that incorporates a recognizable piece mixed with new music. _G__ Minimalism E) a musical style that incorporates numerous diverse styles (old & new) into one. _M__ Ragtime F) a type of Big Band jazz originating in the 1930s and 1940s. _A__ Jazz-fusion G) a modern style that takes a small amount of musical material that repeats it over and over to form a composition. _J__ Bebop H) a piano outfitted with items like screws, bolts etc. to transform the instrument from a melodic one to a percussive one. _H__ Prepared piano J) a complex, hard driving jazz style that emerged soon after W.W.II. _F__ Swing K) music that involves an element of chance, and random happenings. _C__ Big Band L) music in which some or all sounds are produced by electronic generators. _E__ Eclecticism M) emerging in the 1890s, a steady bass and a syncopated, jazzy treble. _D__ Quotation music N) a revival of the forms and styles of Baroque and Classical periods.