Download Unit I: Nutrition and Diet Therapy

Unit I: Nutrition and Diet Therapy
Terminology List
1. Absorption
2. Amino acids
3. Anorexia
4. Atherosclerosis
5. Bland diet
6. Calorie
7. Carbohydrates
8. Cellulose
9. Cholesterol
10. Diabetic diet
11. Digestion
12. Essential nutrients
13. Fat-restricted diets
14. Fats
15. Hypertension
16. Liquid diets
17. Lipids
18. Low-cholesterol diet
19. Low-residue diet
20. Malnutrition
21. Metabolism
22. Minerals
23. Nutrients
24. Nutrition
25. Nutritional status
26. Obesity
27. Osteoporosis
28. Protein diets
29. Protein
30. Regular diet
31. Sodium-restricted diet
32. Soft diet
33. Therapeutic diet
34. Vitamins
35. Wellness
Fundamentals of Nutrition
Nutrition = digestion, metabolism,
circulation, and
elimination
Nutritional status refers to the state of one’s
nutrition.
Wellness = state of good health with optimal body
function (requires good nutrition)
Nutrition plays a large role in determining:
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Height
Weight
Strength
Skeletal and muscle development
Physical agility
Resistance to disease
Appetite
Posture
Complexion
Mental ability
Emotional and psychological health
Immediate effects of good nutrition include:
 Healthy appearance
 Good attitude
 Proper sleep and bowel
habits
 High energy level
 Enthusiasm
 Freedom from anxiety
Good nutrition may delay or prevent the following:
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Hypertension
Atherosclerosis
Osteoporosis
Malnutrition
Obesity
Essential Nutrients
 Composed of chemical elements
found in food
 Used by the body to perform
body functions
 Nutrients in foods replace those
used by the body
 Essential nutrients divided into six groups
CARBOHYDRATES
 Major source of human energy
 Starches or sugars
 Easily digested, grow well in most climates, keep
well without refrigeration
 Main sources: bread, cereals, pasta, crackers,
potatoes, corn, peas, fruits, sugars and syrups
 Cellulose = indigestible
carbohydrate, provides bulk
(bran, whole-grain cereal,
fibrous fruits & veggies)
FATS
 Lipids
 Concentrated from of energy
 Help maintain body temperature by providing
insulation
 Help cushion organs and bones
 Aid in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins
 Provide flavor to meals
 Main sources: butter, margarine, oils,
creams, fatty meats, cheeses, and egg
yolk
 Classified as saturated or polyunsaturated
 Cholesterol – fatty substance found in body cells
and animal fats – found in egg yolk, fatty meats,
shellfish, butter, cream, cheese, whole milk, &
organ meats
* Excess cholesterol is believed to contribute
to atherosclerosis
PROTEINS
 Build and repair body tissue
 Provide heat and energy
 Help produce antibodies
 Made up of 22 amino acids (9 are essential)
 Main sources/complete proteins: meat,
fish, milk, cheese, eggs
 Incomplete proteins: cereal, soybeans, dry beans,
peas and peanuts
VITAMINS
 Organic compounds that are
essential to life
 Regulate body functions
 Repair body tissues
 Only a small amount required – well
balanced diet provides required
vitamins
 Excess or deficiency can cause poor health
 Water soluble or fat soluble
MINERALS
 Inorganic (nonliving) elements found in all body
tissues
 Regulate body functions
 Build and repair body tissues
 They include: calcium, phorphorus, sodium,
potassium, iron, iodine, Flourine and others
WATER
 Found in all body tissues
 Essential for digestion
 Makes up most of blood plasma
 Helps body tissues absorb nutrients
 Helps move waste material through body
 Average person should drink 6-8 glasses of water a
day
Utilization of Nutrients
 Digestion – breaks down the foods we eat
1. Mechanical or chemical
2. Peristalis
 Absorption – process of taking in nutrients by the
body
1. Most absorption occurs in the small intestine
2. Water, salts and some vitamins in large intestine
 Metabolism – use of nutrients by the body
1. Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
 Measuring Food Energy
1. Calorie – the amount of heat produced during
metabolism
2. Most people use an average of 3,500 calories per day
3. To lose weight, a person
must take in fewer calories
then are burned.
4. To gain weight, a person
must take in more calories
than the body uses