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Topic 1 – Social Psychology: Content 2015 Milgram (1963): Results Milgram collected lots of different types of data in his study, both qualitative and quantitative. As you now know there are four different “levels of measurement” that can be sued to describe quantitative data; nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio. It is important to understand the difference between the levels of measurement and be able to identify examples as they help us decide how to analyse our results. For each of the following examples from Milgram’s experiments, please indicate whether the data is quantitative or qualitative. If it is quantitative please add which level of measurement in being used and whether he ought to use the mode, median or mean as his measure of central tendency. Data collected by Milgram Maximum voltage of shock administered (0-450) Post-experiment, the participants explained why they either obeyed/disobeyed Whether or not they went up to 450 V How nervous or tense Pps felt on a 14 point scale at the point of maximum tension Participants were asked to rate how painful they thought the shocks were on a scale Transcripts of what the participants were saying to Mr Williams at the point of defiance Responses in the post-experiment questionnaire where Pp were asked to express their thoughts and feelings about their behaviour Observational notes included the fact that at the point when the experimenter halted the proceedings, obedient Pps heaved signs of relief, mopped their brows, fumbled for cigarettes, shook their heads, rubbed their eyes. In one variation study, Pps were asked the maximum voltage of shock they themselves would be willing to accept Milgram counted the number of people who said they would be willing to accept a shock higher than the maximum level of shock they themselves administered to the learner. Number of milliseconds participants kept their finger on the highest switch they pressed, and how long between hearing the learner’s answer and pressing the switch (latency) Qualitative or quantitative Level of measurement Measure of central tendency