Download Learning – Classical Conditioning

12/22/2016
Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY
Learning
(7th Ed)
Chapter 8
• Learning
Learning – Classical
Conditioning
o relatively
permanent
change in an
organism’s
behavior due
to experience
James A. McCubbin, PhD
Clemson University
Worth Publishers
Association
Association
• We learn by association (which we get
through experience)
Event 1
Event 2
• Learning to
associate
two events
o Our
minds naturally connect events that occur
in sequence
o Aristotle 2000 years ago
o John Locke and David Hume 200 years ago
Seal learns to expect a snack for its showy antics
• Associative Learning
o learning
that two events occur together
 two stimuli
 a response and its consequences
Classical or Pavlovian
Conditioning
Classical Conditioning
• We learn
automatically
to associate
two stimuli
• Ivan Pavlov
o 1849-1936
o Russian
physician/
neurophysiologist
o Nobel Prize in
1904
o studied digestive
secretions
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12/22/2016
Classical Conditioning
Pavlov’s Classic Experiment
Before Conditioning
• Classical Conditioning
UCS (food
in mouth)
o organism
UCR
(salivation)
Neutral
stimulus
(tone)
During Conditioning
No
salivation
After Conditioning
UCS (food
in mouth)
Neutral
stimulus
(tone)
CS
(tone)
UCR
(salivation)
CR (salivation)
Behaviorism
Classical Conditioning
• John B. Watson
o
viewed psychology as objective
science
 generally agreed-upon consensus
today
o
recommended study of behavior
without reference to
unobservable mental processes
 not universally accepted by all
schools of thought today
Classical Conditioning
UCS
(passionate
kiss)
CS
(onion
breath)
CS
(onion
breath)
comes to associate two
stimuli and responds AUTOMATICALLY
o Subjects connects a new (conditioned)
stimulus with an natural (unconditioned)
stimulus, responding to both the same
way
o Video example
• Acquisition
o the initial stage in classical conditioning
o Must be within seconds of each other
o the phase associating a neutral stimulus
with
an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral
stimulus comes to elicit a conditioned
response
o in operant conditioning, the strengthening of a
reinforced response
Nausea Conditioning in
Cancer Patients
UCS
(drug)
UCR
(sexual
arousal)
UCS
(passionate
Kiss)
CR
(sexual
arousal)
UCR
(nausea)
CS
(waiting
room)
UCR
(sexual
arousal)
UCS
(drug)
UCR
(nausea)
CS
(waiting
room)
CR
(nausea)
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