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A MARS-SIZED PLANET HIT EARTH, SENDING
DEBRIS INTO ORBIT AROUND EARTH. A
FRACTION OF THAT DEBRIS FORMED THE MOON
AND THE REST RETURNED TO EARTH.
4.5 BILLION YEARS AGO
AS ANCIENT EUROPE (“BALTICA”) AND BRAZIL
(“AMAZONIA”) COLLIDED WITH PROTO-NORTH
AMERICA, SEDIMENTARY AND IGNEOUS ROCKS
WERE DEFORMED AND METAMORPHOSED
TO PRODUCE THE ROCKS OF THE GRENVILLE
MOUNTAINS. THESE ARE THE OLDEST ROCKS
FOUND IN CONNECTICUT.
1 BILLION YEARS AGO
THE TACONIC MOUNTAINS, PART OF THE
APPALACHIAN MOUNTAIN CHAIN, FORMED
WHEN VOLCANIC ISLANDS AND OCEAN
SEDIMENTS COLLIDED WITH NORTH AMERICA.
460 MILLION YEARS AGO
THE TACONIC MOUNTAINS, PART OF THE
APPALACHIAN MOUNTAIN CHAIN, FORMED
WHEN VOLCANIC ISLANDS AND OCEAN
SEDIMENTS COLLIDED WITH NORTH AMERICA.
380 MILLION YEARS AGO
THE ROCKS OF THE APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS
CONTINUED TO FORM AS A CONTINENTAL MASS
EARTH SCIENTISTS CALL “AVALONIA” COLLIDED
WITH EASTERN NORTH AMERICA.
350-250 MILLION YEARS AGO
THE SUPERCONTINENT PANGEA (MEANING
“ALL LANDS”) WAS FORMED WHEN ALL THE
CONTINENTS CAME TOGETHER. DURING
THIS TIME, THE APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS
CONTINUED TO FORM. THE MOUNTAINS
WERE AS HIGH AS THE HIMALAYAS ARE TODAY,
REACHING ELEVATIONS OF 20,000-30,000 FEET
ABOVE SEA LEVEL
230-210 MILLION YEARS AGO
THE BREAKUP OF PANGEA STARTED AS THE
SUPERCONTINENT BEGAN TO RIFT APART,
ULTIMATELY CREATING THE ATLANTIC
OCEAN BASIN.
200 MILLION YEARS AGO
AS PANGEA CONTINUED TO BREAK UP, SOME SMALLER RIFTS
PERPENDICULAR TO THE MAIN RIFT DID NOT OPEN COMPLETELY,
PRODUCING FAILED RIFT VALLEYS LIKE CONNECTICUT’S
CENTRAL VALLEY (NEWARK TERRANE). THE FAMOUS
BROWNSTONES OF CONNECTICUT ARE MADE FROM
SEDIMENTS THAT WERE DEPOSITED IN THE RIFT VALLEY. THE
FLOOD BASALT LAVAS THAT ERUPTED ALONG THE RIFTS ARE
NOW PRESERVED AS TRAPROCK RIDGES. ONE LAVA FLOW
WAS ABOUT 200 METERS (OVER 600 FEET) THICK! DINOSAURS
ROAMED THE CONNECTICUT VALLEY AND LEFT
FOOTPRINTS ALONG THE MUDDY MARGINS OF RIFT
VALLEY LAKES. ONE TYPE OF LARGE FOOTPRINT IS NAMED
EUBRONTES AND IS THE CONNECTICUT STATE FOSSIL.
65 MILLION YEARS AGO
A 10-KILOMETER DIAMETER ASTEROID STRUCK
EARTH NEAR THE YUCATAN PENINSULA
(CHICXULUB CRATER) IN THE GULF OF MEXICO.
MANY EARTH SCIENTISTS THINK THAT THE
RESULTING CATACLYSMS CAUSED A MASS
EXTINCTION THAT WIPED OUT MANY SPECIES,
INCLUDING DINOSAURS
LIKE TYRANNOSAURUS REX.
25,000 YEARS AGO
THE GLACIERS MELTED, UNCOVERING
CONNECTICUT. THE TERMINAL MORAINES THAT
WERE LEFT BEHIND FORMED LONG ISLAND,
BLOCK ISLAND, MARTHA’S VINEYARD AND
NANTUCKET ISLAND.
20,000 TO 12,000 YEARS AGO